Chemical Stratification in Lake Fryxell, Victoria Land, Antarctica

Angino, Ernest E.; Armitage, Kenneth B.; Tash, Jerry C.

doi:10.1126/science.138.3536.34

Cited by 57 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…This is supported by the fact that this valley is located in the Ross Island volcanic area (ARMITAGE and HouSE, 1962;ANGINO et al, 1962ANGINO et al, , 1965. (b) High salt concentrations resulted from evaporation of sea water after the lake was isolated from the ocean (ANGINO and ARMITAGE, 1963;CRAIG 1966;NICHOLS, 1963).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 85%

Stable isotope studies on the origin and geological history of water and salts in the Lake Vanda area, Antarctica.

et al. 1975

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Abstract-Possible origins of lake water, salts dissolved in water of a saline lake , Lake Vanda, those contained in cored sediments of the lake and those distributed on the ground surface in the adjacent area were investigated on the basis of the stable isotope compositions, 13C/12C, 180/160 and 34S/325 .The lake water is concluded to be neither marine nor volcanic in origin but surface fresh water such as glacial melt water, because of the low 8180 values ranging from -30.3 to -31.9%0. On the other hand, sulfate in lake water and in cored sediments from Lake Vanda shows 834S values similar to that of sea water sulfate. Therefore, it is supposed to be marine in origin.Salts distributed on the ground surface near the lake consist mainly of calcite, gypsum, thenardite, sodium niter and halite. The isotopic compositions of carbonate and sulfate minerals range from -14.4 to +17.6%o for 813C and from -0.4 to +22.3%o for 81,10 of calcite and from +14.1 to +20.3 %o for 834S of gypsum. From the isotopic compositions of calcite and gypsum, three different origins, hydrothermal, marine and marine aerosol are considered according to their occurrences and localities. Salts distributed in this area , however, do not constitute the source for those contained in Lake Vanda .The genesis and historical events of the saline lake also were examined. The lake was once a fjord containing sea water and was isolated from the ocean by glaciation after the Tertiary. After the isolation of the lake from the ocean, evaporation of lake water in cold climate and supply of glacial melt water in warm climate have alternately taken place several times.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 85%

Stable isotope studies on the origin and geological history of water and salts in the Lake Vanda area, Antarctica.

et al. 1975

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“…Gooseff et al (2002) found that Cl ) and Na + also shared these sources, but that dissolved K + came primarily from chemical weathering. Angino et al (1962) suggest that thenardite (Na 2 SO 4 ) dissolution contributes Na + to stream water chemistry, and Claridge and Campbell (1977) attributed dissolved K + concentrations to dissolution of muscovite micas.…”

Section: Study Sitementioning

confidence: 99%

Reach-Scale Cation Exchange Controls on Major Ion Chemistry of an Antarctic Glacial Meltwater Stream

Gooseff

McKnight

Runkel³

2004

Aquat Geochem

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Abstract. The McMurdo dry valleys of Antarctica represent the largest of the ice-free areas on the Antarctic continent, containing glaciers, meltwater streams, and closed basin lakes. Previous geochemical studies of dry valley streams and lakes have addressed chemical weathering reactions of hyporheic substrate and geochemical evolution of dry valley surface waters. We examine cation transport and exchange reactions during a stream tracer experiment in a dry valley glacial meltwater stream. , Li + and K + were taken up in downstream transport and Na + was released. Simulations of conservative and reactive (firstorder uptake or generation) solute transport were made with the OTIS (one-dimensional solute transport with inflow and storage) model. Among the four experimental reaches of Green Creek, solute transport simulations reveal that Li + was removed from stream water in all four reaches, K + was released in two reaches, taken up in one reach, and Na + was released in all four reaches. Hyporheic sediments appear to be variable with uptake of Li + in two reaches, uptake of K + in one reach, release of K + in two reaches, and uptake of Na + in one reach. Mass balances of the conservative and reactive simulations show that from 1.05 to 2.19 moles of Li + was adsorbed per reach, but less than 0.3 moles of K + and less than 0.9 moles of Na + were released per reach. This suggests that either (1) exchange of another ion which was not analyzed in this experiment or (2) that both ion exchange and sorption control inorganic solute transport. The elevated cation concentrations introduced during the experiment are typical of initial flows in each flow season, which flush accumulated dry salts from the streambed. We propose that the bed sediments (which compose the hyporheic zone) modulate the flushing of these salts during initial flows each season, due to ion exchange and sorption reactions.

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“…Clearly, the chemical evolution of the surface water in the valley relates initially to the variation in glaciochemistry (Lyons et al, 1998). Although the closed-basin lakes that receive the meltwaters have very different geochemistries (Angino et al, 1962;Lyons and Mayewski, 1993;Lyons et al, 1998), previous investigations have given little thought to the idea that variations in glacier chemistry could be partially responsible for the chemical differences in the lakes. Taylor Valley has been studied extensively since the International Geophysical Year , however, virtually no information is available on the chemistry of precipitation or the glaciochemistry in the region.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Surface glaciochemistry of Taylor Valley, southern Victoria Land, Antarctica and its relationship to stream chemistry

Lyons

Welch

Fountain

et al. 2002

Hydrological Processes

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Abstract:We have analysed a series of surface samples from the alpine glaciers of Taylor Valley, Southern Victoria Land, Antarctica for their geochemical composition. This was done to better establish the role of glaciochemical variation on the chemical composition of meltwater streams emanating from the glaciers. The chemistry of the snow and ice changes with proximity to the ocean and with elevation of the glacier surface. The aeolian transport of dry valley dust, as indicated by both chemical and particulate matter variations, is a major process affecting the overall glacier chemistry and the chemistry of the meltwaters. Streams originating on the western edges of the glaciers are more impacted by the aeolian input as they are in the direct path of the major regional wind direction. Our data strongly suggest that the variation in stream geochemistry in Taylor Valley is a result in part of the differences in chemical composition of glacier melt.

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Chemical Stratification in Lake Fryxell, Victoria Land, Antarctica

Cited by 57 publications

References 5 publications

Stable isotope studies on the origin and geological history of water and salts in the Lake Vanda area, Antarctica.

Stable isotope studies on the origin and geological history of water and salts in the Lake Vanda area, Antarctica.

Reach-Scale Cation Exchange Controls on Major Ion Chemistry of an Antarctic Glacial Meltwater Stream

Surface glaciochemistry of Taylor Valley, southern Victoria Land, Antarctica and its relationship to stream chemistry

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