Chemical stimulation of the locus coeruleus: inhibitory effects on hemodynamics and renal sympathetic nerve activity

Miyawaki, Takashi; Kawamura, Hiroshi; Komatsu, Kazutoshi; Yasugi, Tadao

doi:10.1016/0006-8993(91)91384-d

Cited by 66 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…We failed to elicit cardiovascular responses with glutamate injections in caudal regions of the parabrachial nuclei, where a predominant presence of fibres of passage have been described ) or in medial areas (close to the locus coeruleus). Coinciding with our observations, glutamate injections in the locus coeruleus produced decreases in blood pressure (Ward, 1988;Miyawaki, Kawamura, Komatsu & Yasugi, 1991) while glutamate restricted to the border between parabrachial nuclei and locus coeruleus produced no changes in blood pressure (Ward, 1988).…”

Section: Cardiovascular Responses To Parabrachial Complex Stimulationssupporting

confidence: 89%

Cardiovascular and respiratory effects of stimulation of cell bodies of the parabrachial nuclei in the anaesthetized rat.

Lara

Parkes

Silva-Carvhalo

et al. 1994

The Journal of Physiology

112

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1. In order to assess the importance of the parabrachial nuclei in modulating cardiorespiratory activity, electric current or microinjections of glutamate were used to stimulate discrete regions of the parabrachial nuclei in anaesthetized rats. 2. Stimulation of cell bodies in the medial region of the parabrachial nuclei and in the Kolliker-Fuse nuclei, caused an expiratory facilitatory response. This consisted mainly of a decrease in respiratory rate as measured by observing phrenic nerve activity. 3. Stimulation of cell bodies in the lateral region of the parabrachial nuclei caused an inspiratory facilitatory response. This consisted mainly of an increase in respiratory rate. 4. At the majority of sites (16 out of 20) where changes in respiratory rate were elicited by glutamate injection or electrical stimulation an increase in blood pressure was observed. The coexistence of increases in blood pressure and heart rate indicates the presence of inhibition of the heart rate component of the baroreflex and/or an increase in cardiac sympathetic drive. 5. The expiratory facilitatory response was not evoked reflexly by the rise in blood pressure since it was still present after administration of guanethidine, which abolished the rise in blood pressure. 6. The interactions between the parabrachial nuclei and the medullary respiratory complex in eliciting these changes are discussed.

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Section: Cardiovascular Responses To Parabrachial Complex Stimulationssupporting

confidence: 89%

Cardiovascular and respiratory effects of stimulation of cell bodies of the parabrachial nuclei in the anaesthetized rat.

Lara

Parkes

Silva-Carvhalo

et al. 1994

The Journal of Physiology

112

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“…Containing the largest cluster of noradrenergic neurons in the brain, the locus coeruleus (LC) has been implicated in a wide variety of autonomic functions Miyawaki et al, 1991;Morilak et al, 1987;Murase et al, 1994). LC neurons are involved in stress related disorders such as anxiety, depression and post-traumatic stress disorder (Bremner et al, 1996;Lechner et al, 1997;Page and Valentino, 1994;Svensson, 1987;Valentino et al, 1993).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynorphin and stress‐related peptides in rat locus coeruleus: Contribution of amygdalar efferents

Reyes

Drolet

Bockstaele

2008

J of Comparative Neurology

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The interaction between the stress axis and endogenous opioid systems has gained substantial attention as it is increasingly recognized that stress alters individual sensitivity to opiates. One site at which opiates and stress substrates may interact to have global effects on behavior is within the locus coeruleus (LC). We have previously described interactions of several opioid peptides (e.g. pro-opiomelanocortin, enkephalin) with the stress-related peptide, corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) in the LC. To further examine interactions between DYN, ENK and CRF in the LC, sections were processed for detection of DYN, CRF or DYN and ENK in rat brain. DYN-and CRF-containing axon terminals overlapped noradrenergic dendrites in this region. Dual immunoelectron microscopy showed coexistence of DYN and CRF with 35% of axon terminals containing DYN that were also immunoreactive for CRF. In contrast, few axon terminals contained both DYN and ENK. A potential DYN/CRF afferent is the central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA). Dual in situ hybridization showed that in CeA neurons, 31% of DYN mRNApositive cells co-localized with CRF mRNA while 53% of CRF mRNAcontaining cells colocalized with DYN mRNA. Finally, to determine whether limbic DYN afferents target the LC, the CeA was electrolytically lesioned. Light-level densitometry of DYN labeling in the LC showed a significant decrease in immunoreactivity on the side of the lesion. Taken together, these data indicate that DYN-and CRF-labeled axon terminals, most likely arising from amygdalar sources are positioned to dually impact LC function whereas DYN and ENK function in parallel.

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“…In addition, stimulation of the locus coeruleus in anesthetized rats by local injection of excitatory drugs elicits a decrease in blood pressure (Sved and Felsten, 1987) and sympathetic neural activity (Miyawaki et al, 1991). Thus, future studies will be required to clarify the role of the sympathetic nervous system in mediating the suppression of lymphocyte responses that is produced by increased locus coeruleus activity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Locus coeruleus stimulation by corticotropin-releasing hormone suppresses in vitro cellular immune responses

1994

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Previous studies have demonstrated that stressors alter cellular immune system function, and increase the activity of locus coeruleus neurons. Furthermore, stressors increase the release of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) and locus coeruleus neurons are activated by CRH. Thus, the present study examined whether activation of the locus coeruleus by infusion of CRH modulates the function of blood and spleen lymphocytes assessed in vitro. CRH (100 ng) was administered into the region of the locus coeruleus in awake rats 1 hr before spleen and peripheral blood lymphocytes were collected for culture with nonspecific mitogens. Unilateral or bilateral microinfusion of CRH into the locus coeruleus produced a decrease in blood and spleen T-lymphocyte mitogenic responses to phytohemagglutinin, ConA, and an antibody to the T- lymphocyte antigen receptor. In contrast, infusion of saline into the locus coeruleus or CRH into the surrounding region of the dorsal pons did not alter spleen or blood lymphocyte responses. Plasma concentrations of adrenocorticotropic hormone, corticosterone, and IL-6 were increased by CRH infusion into the locus coeruleus. These results suggest that CRH-evoked activation of the locus coeruleus stimulates the hypophysial adrenal axis, possibly activates the sympathetic nervous system, and results in immunosuppression. Comparable changes in lymphocyte and hormone responses are produced by an aversive stimulus or a conditioned stressor, suggesting that activation of the locus coeruleus may be a component of stressor-induced immune alterations.

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Chemical stimulation of the locus coeruleus: inhibitory effects on hemodynamics and renal sympathetic nerve activity

Cited by 66 publications

References 18 publications

Cardiovascular and respiratory effects of stimulation of cell bodies of the parabrachial nuclei in the anaesthetized rat.

Cardiovascular and respiratory effects of stimulation of cell bodies of the parabrachial nuclei in the anaesthetized rat.

Dynorphin and stress‐related peptides in rat locus coeruleus: Contribution of amygdalar efferents

Locus coeruleus stimulation by corticotropin-releasing hormone suppresses in vitro cellular immune responses

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