Chemical Stimulation of Gas/Condensate Reservoirs

Kumar, Vinod; Bang, Vishal; Pope, Gary A.; Sharma, Mukul M.; Ayyalasomayajula, Padmakar S.; Kamath, Jairam

doi:10.2118/102669-ms

Cited by 32 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 35 publications

(31 reference statements)

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“…This method can provide a long‐term solution to treat damage caused by liquid accumulation. Wettability alterations using fluoro‐components have been studied extensively in the past two decades 2–7…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wettability alteration of gas condensate reservoir rocks to gas wetness by sol–gel process using fluoroalkylsilane

Sharifzadeh

Hassanajili

Rahimpour

2012

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Natural gas is becoming a very important energy source in recent years. A sharp reduction has been observed in gas deliverability in many low permeability gas reservoirs due to bottom‐hole pressure drops below the dew point pressure. It is an established fact that altering the wettability of reservoir rocks from liquid wetness to gas wetness could improve the gas deliverability. In this study, a new polymeric surfactant coating for altering the wettability of Sarkhun reservoir rocks was prepared by using a sol–gel process. Perfluorodecylsilane (PFDS) and triethoxysilane (TEOS) were used to obtain an inorganic‐organic network via hydrolysis and polycondensation reactions. The effect of this method was examined by various characterization tests such as FTIR, SEM, and EDX, static contact angle and imbibition tests for wettability alteration. The experimental results revealed that, the prepared polymeric network including the terminal fluorine groups were effective and provided sufficient repelling characteristics towards oil and water. Static contact angles were raised from 30 to 130° for water, and from <5 to 60° for condensate after sol–gel treatment. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wettability alteration of gas condensate reservoir rocks to gas wetness by sol–gel process using fluoroalkylsilane

Sharifzadeh

Hassanajili

Rahimpour

2012

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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“…Li and Firoozabadi (2000a) concluded that the deliverability of gas wells can be enhanced significantly through the use of wettability-alteration chemicals, which will help to change the wettability of the rock surfaces from oil-or water-wetting to gas-wetting. Kumar et al (2006a) performed simulation studies to evaluate the use of wettabilityalteration chemicals in stimulating the performance of wells producing from gas/condensate reservoirs. The simulation study considered two cases-single-layer and multilayered reservoirs.…”

Section: Use Of Fluorosurfactants and -Polymers For Wettability Altermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The simulation study considered two cases-single-layer and multilayered reservoirs. Kumar et al (2006a) found that the relative permeability to gas was improved and the residual oil saturation was reduced after treating the core samples with wettability-alteration chemicals. Also, the simulation study indicated that the gas rate increased proportionally with the increase in the treatment depth into the formation.…”

Section: Use Of Fluorosurfactants and -Polymers For Wettability Altermentioning

confidence: 99%

Mitigation of the Effects of Condensate Banking: A Critical Review

Sayed

Al-Muntasheri

2016

SPE Production &Amp; Operations

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With production from gas/condensate reservoirs, the flowing bottomhole pressure of the production well decreases. When the flowing bottomhole pressure decreases below the dewpoint, condensate accumulates near the wellbore region and forms a condensate bank. This results in a loss of productivity of both gas and condensate, which becomes more serious in intermediate-and low-permeability gas/condensate reservoirs, where the condensate bank reduces both the gas permeability and the well productivity.Several techniques have been used to mitigate this problem. These methods include:• Use of solvents and wettability-alteration chemicals to reduce the impact of condensate blockage • Gas cycling and injection of nitrogen and supercritical carbon dioxide as pressure-maintenance methods • Drilling horizontal wells, hydraulic fracturing, and acidizing to improve the well productivity Gas cycling aims to keep the reservoir pressure greater than the dewpoint pressure to reduce the condensation phenomena. The limited volumes of gas that can be recycled in the reservoir can hinder the application of this method. For an ideal gas-cycling process, the volume of the gas injected into the reservoir will be larger than the total gas that can be produced from such a reservoir. Other approaches are the drilling of horizontal wells and hydraulic fracturing, during which the pressure drop around the wellbore region is lowered to allow for a longer production time, with only single-phase gas flow to the wellbore. These approaches are costly because they require drilling rigs. Another technique is the use of solvents, which shows good treatment outcomes, but the durability is a questionable issue in these treatments. Moreover, wettability alteration needs to be approached very carefully so as not to cause permanent damage to the reservoir. The use of fluorinated polymers and surfactants dissolved in alcohol-based solvents for wettability-alteration treatments was reported in many studies.Each method has its own advantages and disadvantages, and can be applied under certain conditions. This paper presents all of these methods, along with their advantages and disadvantages and description of some of their field applications and case studies.

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“…Wettability alteration chemicals are injected to change the rock wettability to less liquid-wet state, thereby preventing the liquid accumulation [10,23,28,32]. Extensive laboratory experiments and numerical modeling have been conducted to evaluate the efficiency of wettability alteration treatments on mitigating the condensate bank [7,11,23,26,28,[33][34][35][36]. Coreflooding, contact angle, and spontaneous imbibition experiments are the common methods used to investigate the wettability alteration during condensate removal treatments [23,[37][38][39][40].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel Treatment for Mitigating Condensate Bank Using a Newly Synthesized Gemini Surfactant

et al. 2020

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Condensate accumulation in the vicinity of the gas well is known to curtail hydrocarbon production by up to 80%. Numerous approaches are being employed to mitigate condensate damage and improve gas productivity. Chemical treatment, gas recycling, and hydraulic fracturing are the most effective techniques for combatting the condensate bank. However, the gas injection technique showed temporary condensate recovery and limited improvement in gas productivity. Hydraulic fracturing is considered to be an expensive approach for treating condensate banking problems. In this study, a newly synthesized gemini surfactant (GS) was developed to prevent the formation of condensate blockage in the gas condensate reservoirs. Flushing the near-wellbore area with GS will change the rock wettability and thereby reduce the capillary forces holding the condensate due to the strong adsorption capacity of GS on the rock surface. In this study, several measurements were conducted to assess the performance of GS in mitigating the condensate bank including coreflood, relative permeability, phase behavior, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) measurements. The results show that GS can reduce the capillary pressure by as much as 40%, increase the condensate mobility by more than 80%, and thereby mitigate the condensate bank by up to 84%. Phase behavior measurements indicate that adding GS to the oil–brine system could not induce any emulsions at different salinity levels. Moreover, NMR and permeability measurements reveal that the gemini surfactant has no effect on the pore system and no changes were observed in the T2 relaxation profiles with and without the GS injection. Ultimately, this work introduces a novel and effective treatment for mitigating the condensate bank. The new treatment showed an attractive performance in reducing liquid saturation and increasing the condensate relative permeability.

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Chemical Stimulation of Gas/Condensate Reservoirs

Cited by 32 publications

References 35 publications

Wettability alteration of gas condensate reservoir rocks to gas wetness by sol–gel process using fluoroalkylsilane

Wettability alteration of gas condensate reservoir rocks to gas wetness by sol–gel process using fluoroalkylsilane

Mitigation of the Effects of Condensate Banking: A Critical Review

Novel Treatment for Mitigating Condensate Bank Using a Newly Synthesized Gemini Surfactant

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