Chemical Sterilization of Lipoplasty Cannula and Nontuberculous Mycobacteria Disinfection: An Experimental Study

Abstract

Background: Nontuberculous mycobacteria are commonly found pathogens; however, skin and soft tissue infections due to nontuberculous mycobacteria are often associated with surgical procedures, particularly after lipoplasty. Although nontuberculous mycobacteria are resistant to some chemical disinfectants, glutaraldehyde, peracetic acid, povidone iodine, alcohol, and chlorine are still used for the sterilization of medical instruments. This study investigated the efficacy of various disinfectants in a fatty environment with adipose and a bloody environment without adipose. In addition, this study was also used to identify the most effective disinfectant against nontuberculous mycobacteria. Methods: Three nontuberculous mycobacteria (Mycobacterium avium, M. abscessus, and M. fortuitum), pathogens frequently found in skin and soft tissue infections, were used. Seven chemical disinfectants were tested in both fatty and bloody environments. The disinfectants used were considered to have a sterilization effect when the log 10 reduction factor exceeded 5. Results: Most disinfectants had some sterilizing effects against nontuberculous mycobacteria; however, glutaraldehyde was the most effective against all 3. Chlorhexidine and povidone iodine also displayed sterilizing effects. Of the disinfectants tested, only alkyldiaminoethylglycine hydrochloride showed a diminished effect with statistical significance, specifically against M. fortuitum in a fatty environment, whereas it had effective results in a bloody environment. Conclusions: Glutaraldehyde showed the greatest sterilizing effect on nontuberculous mycobacteria with a log 10 reduction factor >5 in both fatty and bloody environments. However, some chemical disinfectants did not show sufficient sterilizing effects in a fatty environment and, therefore, should be used with caution for the sterilization of nontuberculous mycobacteria.

A Systematic Review of Nontuberculous Mycobacterium Infection Following Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction

“…Importantly, some species of NTM have demonstrated resistance to disinfectants, including 2% aqueous formaldehyde and 2% alkaline glutaraldehyde [18][19][20] . Additionally, commonly used surgical antiseptics such as chlorhexidine and povidone-iodine may have inadequate mycobactericidal effects 21,22 . Although the literature displays the rarity of NTM infection following ACL reconstruction, there is a reasonable expectation of an increasing trend, as all 6 of the cases identified in this review were reported between 2010 and 2021.…”

Review on sterilization techniques, and the application potential of phage lyase and lyase immobilization in fighting drug-resistant bacteria

“…11 Sterilization can also be achieved using chemicals such as formaldehyde, ethylene oxide, glutaraldehyde, and other chemical fungicides. 12 These traditional sterilization technologies are still holding the dominating positions in the industry. However, in order to overcome the limitations of sterilization, various emerging sterilization technologies have been widely used and are well developed, such as cold plasma, nano silver and photocatalysis.…”