Chemical state and morphology of Zn and Mg ion-implanted polyvinyl alcohol

Metal Doped PVA Films for Opto-Electronics-Optical and Electronic Properties, an Overview

“…For inert polymers, an ion beam may produce ultra-thin conducting or reflecting films below the polymer surface. Among others, this technique has been applied for strain gauge applications [ 98 ] or for PVA, for increasing the degree of crystallinity and microhardness [ 57 ], for fabricating planar light guides [ 99 ], and for enhanced photoluminescence [ 58 ].…”

“…This induces a variation of the refractive index, with possible applications for real time holography. Analyzed by 57 Fe, 119 Sn and 121 Sb Mössbauer spectroscopy, under UV irradiation, experiments show that the Fe ionic state reduces, the Sn oxidizes (proving an inverse electron transfer compared with the case of iron) and Sb stabilizes in its lower Sb 3+ valence state and exhibits no charge transfer phenomena [106]. After exposure of the Fe-Sn pairs, the Sn 2+ species are transformed completely while the Sn 4+ and Fe 2+ species remain almost unchanged, and for the Fe-Sb pairs the relative proportion of the Fe 2+ components increases rapidly, while Sb 5+ decreases (the overall percentage of the Sn 4+ and Sb 5+ species changes by less than 10%, while F 3+ changes by 70%), showing that the main influence on absorption is the charge transfer phenomena involving the transition Fe 3+ →Fe 2+ [110].…”