Chemical speciation and extractability of Zn, Cu and Cd in two contrasting biosolids-amended clay soils

Qiao, Xianliang; Luo, Yongming; Christie, Peter; Wong, Ming Hung

doi:10.1016/s0045-6535(02)00226-6

Cited by 64 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Zn was the predominant heavy metal contaminant in the investigated sludge. Similar results have been reported by Chen et al (2003) and Qiao et al (2003) who reported that Zn was the predominant heavy metal in the sewage sludge. Cd and Pb are also of concern because of their potentially harmful effects on humans and animals.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 91%

Immobilization of Cd, Zn and Pb in sewage sludge using red mud

2011

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Sewage sludge is an inevitable end by-product of sewage treatment. Land application provides a costeffective alternative for sewage sludge disposal. However, sewage sludge contains heavy metals that may limit its application. In this work, red mud was employed for the immobilization of heavy metals in sewage sludge. The effect of red mud amendment on heavy metal immobilization was evaluated using Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP) method. The TCLP results showed that the immobilization efficiency of Cd, Zn and Pb was 100, 92, and 82%, respectively, when sewage sludge was mixed with 10% red mud. Tests carried out in leaching columns demonstrated that heavy metal concentrations in the leachate of 10% red mud amended sludge were lower than those of the unamended sludge. Moreover, red mud decreased plant available heavy metal (Cd, Zn and Pb) content from 18.1, 17.2 and 14.6% to 6.9, 11.4 and 7.6%, respectively. Sequential chemical extraction experiments showed that after sludge was amended with 10% red mud, exchangeable fraction was reduced and iron and manganese oxides fraction was increased. Red mud amendment can effectively immobilize Cd, Zn and Pb in sewage sludge before land application.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 91%

Immobilization of Cd, Zn and Pb in sewage sludge using red mud

2011

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“…Similarly, positive correlations between extractable Cd in soil and Cd concentrations in tobacco leaves were reported by refs. [10,27,28]. In this study, RP amendments with grain sizes <133 m resulted in a significant increase in residual fraction of Cd, Pb and Zn, which corresponded to the decrease in shoot concentrations of Cd, Pb and Zn.…”

Section: Relationship Between Residual Soil Metals and Shoot Metal Comentioning

confidence: 52%

“…This application rate was chosen with the intent to immobilize the total concentrations of the main four metal species in the smelter-contaminated soils. Previous research has used the ratio of 3/5 P/M total as the basis of hydroxyapatite and apatite treatments to lead-contaminated soils [9,10,12,14]. This ratio corresponds to the P/Pb ratio for chloropyromorphite [Pb 5 (PO 4 ) 3 Cl].…”

Section: Treatmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The effect of grain size of rock phosphate amendment on metal immobilization in contaminated soils

Chen

Zhu

2006

Journal of Hazardous Materials

100

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When rock phosphates (RP) are used to remediate Pb-contaminated soils, their effectiveness is likely affected by their grain size. In this study, the effect of grain size of rock phosphate on the effectiveness of heavy metal immobilization in two contaminated soils was measured in pot experiment. Rock phosphate was used with four different grain sizes: <35, 35-72, 72-133 and 133-266 m. The application rate of rock phosphate in two soils was determined based on P/metals (Pb, Zn, Cu and Cd) molar ratio of 5.0 in the soils. The results showed that rock phosphate of the smallest grain size (<35 m) was superior to all of other grain sizes more than 35 m for reducing uptake in plant (Brassica oleracea L.) shoots for Cd (19.6-50.0%), Pb (21.9-51.4%) and Zn (22.4-34.6%), respectively, as compared with the soil without application of rock phosphate. Sequential extraction analysis indicated that rock phosphate was most effective for soil Pb to induced transformation from non-residual fractions to a residual fraction than that for Zn and Cd. Such transformation was probably through dissolution of Pb associated with exchangeable (EX), organic fraction (OC), acidic fraction (AC) and amorphous Fe and Al oxides-bound (OX) fraction and precipitation of pyromorphite-like minerals. Results suggested that the rock phosphate with small grain size was superior to that with large grain size for in situ remediation technology.

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“…Although a large number of sequential extraction analyses has been applied to fractionate metals in contaminated soils and sediments to assess the metal bioavailability (Haq and Miller, 1972;Cottenie et al, 1980;Garcia-Miragaya et al, 1981;Clevenger and Mullins, 1982;Soon and Bates, 1982;Lake et al, 1984;Xian, 1987Xian, , 1989Kaasalainen and YliHalla, 2003;Qiao et al, 2003), the proposed sequential fractionation schemes specific for tropical soils are very limited (Ma and Uren, 1998). Tropical oxisols are distinctive by their mineralogy which is dominated by Fe and Mn oxides.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of selected sequential extraction and the toxicity characteristic leaching test as indices of metal mobility in serpentinite soils

Tashakor

Yaacob

Mohamad

et al. 2014

Chemical Speciation & Bioavailability

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Serpentinite soils are characterised by high concentrations of chromium, nickel, and cobalt. The accumulation of heavy metals as non-degradable inorganic contaminants is of great concern. Under normal circumstances the form in which a metal exists governs its transport in the environment and thus, its hazards. In this study, a specific developed speciation analysis for tropical soils was applied to determine the mobility of Cr, Ni and Co in two serpentinitic soil outcrops in Malaysia. The combination of selective sequential extraction analysis (SEE) and X-ray diffraction of soil powders showed that Cr and Ni are primarily associated with the residual fraction of soil which is inherited from resistant silicates. The crystalline Fe-oxide fraction of soil is the second substanial scavenger of Cr and Ni, whilst the dynamics of Co are mostly controlled by Mn-oxide and the poor crystalline Fe-oxide. The more easily mobilised forms of the studied metals carried on soluble-exchangeable, surface adsorbed and organic matter fractions are of minimal compartments. Therefore these metals are basically not available in the environment. On the other hand, corroborating information on the mobility of the metals was gained by applying the toxicity characteristic leaching procedure test (TCLP). The consistent results of the TCLP with the SSE revealed the non-toxic effects of Cr, Ni and Co in the environment despite their overload accumulation in the analysed serpentinite soils.

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Chemical speciation and extractability of Zn, Cu and Cd in two contrasting biosolids-amended clay soils

Cited by 64 publications

References 10 publications

Immobilization of Cd, Zn and Pb in sewage sludge using red mud

Immobilization of Cd, Zn and Pb in sewage sludge using red mud

The effect of grain size of rock phosphate amendment on metal immobilization in contaminated soils

Assessment of selected sequential extraction and the toxicity characteristic leaching test as indices of metal mobility in serpentinite soils

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