Chemical Solute Mass Balance of Crater Lake, Oregon

Nelson, Peter O.; Reilly, Joseph; Larson, Gary L.

doi:10.1080/07438149609354071

Cited by 14 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…The hydrology of Lake Baikal is dominated by riverine influx, with the chemistry of hydrothermal springs having little impact on the budget of dissolved minerals (Faulkner et al 1991). In contrast, hydrothermal input dominates the flux of most dissolved chemicals into Crater Lake, including Ca, Mg, K, Na, SO 4 , Cl, B, HCO 3 , and Si (Nelson et al 1996). Warm, saline pools at the bottom of the lake are associated with lush microbial mats (Dymond et al 1989); these mats and the chemistry of escaping hydrothermal waters may influence growth and food web interactions of pelagic microorganisms in Crater Lake.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unusual bacterioplankton community structure in ultra‐oligotrophic Crater Lake

Urbach

Vergin

Young

et al. 2001

Limnology & Oceanography

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209

243

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The bacterioplankton assemblage in Crater Lake, Oregon (U.S.A.), is different from communities found in other oxygenated lakes, as demonstrated by four small subunit ribosomal ribonucleic acid (SSU rRNA) gene clone libraries and oligonucleotide probe hybridization to RNA from lake water. Populations in the euphotic zone of this deep (589 m), oligotrophic caldera lake are dominated by two phylogenetic clusters of currently uncultivated bacteria: CL120-10, a newly identified cluster in the verrucomicrobiales, and ACK4 actinomycetes, known as a minor constituent of bacterioplankton in other lakes. Deep-water populations at 300 and 500 m are dominated by a different pair of uncultivated taxa: CL500-11, a novel cluster in the green nonsulfur bacteria, and group I marine crenarchaeota. ␤-Proteobacteria, dominant in most other freshwater environments, are relatively rare in Crater Lake (Յ16% of nonchloroplast bacterial rRNA at all depths). Other taxa identified in Crater Lake libraries include a newly identified candidate bacterial division, ABY1, and a newly identified subcluster, CL0-1, within candidate division OP10. Probe analyses confirmed vertical stratification of several microbial groups, similar to patterns observed in open-ocean systems. Additional similarities between Crater Lake and ocean microbial populations include aphotic zone dominance of group I marine crenarchaeota and green nonsulfur bacteria. Comparison of Crater Lake to other lakes studied by rRNA methods suggests that selective factors structuring Crater Lake bacterioplankton populations may include low concentrations of available trace metals and dissolved organic matter, chemistry of infiltrating hydrothermal waters, and irradiation by high levels of ultraviolet light.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unusual bacterioplankton community structure in ultra‐oligotrophic Crater Lake

Urbach

Vergin

Young

et al. 2001

Limnology & Oceanography

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209

243

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“…In an earlier study, Collier et al (1993) documented the amount of solutes from hydrothermal fluids entering the system at the lake bottom. Based on this information, Nelson et al (1996) was able to balance the chemical solute model for Crater Lake, which provided a theoretical framework for our observed long-term stability of the chemical solute mass balance of the lake (Phillips, 1968). Wetzel (1983) and Horne & Goldman (1994) suggest that certain physical and chemical conditions typify oligotrophic lakes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, the two methods of analyses provided insight into the influences that very small changes in water quality might have had on the productivity of the lake during the mid to late 1980s. Nelson et al (1996) developed a chemical solute mass balance model for Crater Lake that showed that the major chemical inputs derived from the caldera springs and from atmospheric deposition did not equal the mass output in seepage from the lake. In an earlier study, Collier et al (1993) documented the amount of solutes from hydrothermal fluids entering the system at the lake bottom.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nutrient inputs into the lake are derived from runoff from the caldera wall, precipitation, and seepage from underwater hydrothermal springs Nelson et al, 1996). Crater Lake is an ultraoligotrophic lake with low nutrient concentrations and a high Secchi disk transparency, usually between 28 m and 33 m from June to September (Larson & Buktenica, 1998).…”

Section: Study Sitementioning

confidence: 99%

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Thermal, chemical, and optical properties of Crater Lake, Oregon

Larson¹,

Hoffman²,

McIntire

et al. 2007

Hydrobiologia

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Crater Lake covers the floor of the Mount Mazama caldera that formed 7700 years ago. The lake has a surface area of 53 km 2 and a maximum depth of 594 m. There is no outlet stream and surface inflow is limited to small streams and springs. Owing to its great volume and heat, the lake is not covered by snow and ice in winter unlike other lakes in the Cascade Range.The lake is isothermal in winter except for a slight increase in temperature in the deep lake from hyperadiabatic processes and inflow of hydrothermal fluids. During winter and spring the water column mixes to a depth of about 200-250 m from wind energy and convection. Circulation of the deep lake occurs periodically in winter and spring when cold, near-surface waters sink to the lake bottom; a process that results in the upwelling of nutrients, especially nitrate-N, into the upper strata of the lake. Thermal stratification occurs in late summer and fall. The maximum thickness of the epilimnion is about 20 m and the metalimnion extends to a depth of about 100 m. Thus, most of the lake volume is a cold hypolimnion. The year-round near-bottom temperature is about 3.5°C. Overall, hydrothermal fluids define and temporally maintain the basic water quality characteristics of the lake (e.g., pH, alkalinity and conductivity). Total phosphorus and orthophosphate-P concentrations are fairly uniform throughout the water column, where as total Kjeldahl-N and ammonia-N are highest in concentration in the upper lake. Concentrations of nitrate-N increase with depth below 200 m. No long-term changes in water quality have been detected. Secchi disk (20-cm) clarity varied seasonally and annually, but was typically highest in June and lowest in August. During the current study, August Secchi disk clarity readings averaged about 30 m. The maximum individual clarity reading was 41.5 m in

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“…This challenge is not unique, and the inherit uncertainties in estimating a watershed or lacustrine nutrient budget have been previously noted by Nelson and Larson (1996), Wetzel (2001), LeBaugh andothers (2009), andWinter andRosenberry (2009). Much of this uncertainty has to do with the scale and heterogeneity of this and other basins of its size and the difficulty of sufficiently characterizing the variable geology and biology across such a scale.…”

Section: Uncertaintiesmentioning

confidence: 97%