Chemical settlement inhibition versus post-settlement mortality as an explanation for differential fouling of two congeneric seaweeds

Wikström, Sofia A.; Pavia, Henrik

doi:10.1007/s00442-003-1427-9

Cited by 79 publications

(69 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…For example, differences in the hardness of wood species have a selecting effect on organisms that can colonise these woods (Nair & Saraswathy 1971, Borges et al 2003. Floating algae may also produce substances that inhibit successful establishment of potential rafters (e.g., Sieburth & Conover 1965, Wikström & Pavia 2004. Calder (1995) found that some hydroid species occurred abundantly on Sargassum fluitans but not on S. natans and vice versa.…”

Section: Effect Of Substratum Characteristics On Raftersmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Ecology of Rafting in the Marine Environment. Ii. the Rafting Organisms and Community

Thiel¹,

Gutow²

2005

Oceanography and Marine Biology - An Annual Review

349

394

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Rafting of marine and terrestrial organisms has been reported from a variety of substrata and from all major oceans of the world. Herein we present information on common rafting organisms and on ecological interactions during rafting voyages. An extensive literature review revealed a total of 1205 species, for which rafting was confirmed or inferred based on distributional or genetic evidence. Rafting organisms comprised cyanobacteria, algae, protists, invertebrates from most marine but also terrestrial phyla, and even a few terrestrial vertebrates. Marine hydrozoans, bryozoans, crustaceans and gastropods were the most common taxa that had been observed rafting. All major feeding types were represented among rafters, being dominated by grazing/boring and suspension-feeding organisms, which occurred on all floating substrata. Besides these principal trophic groups, predators/scavengers and detritus feeders were also reported. Motility of rafting organisms was highest on macroalgae and lowest on abiotic substrata such as plastics and volcanic pumice. Important trends were revealed for the reproductive biology of rafting organisms. A high proportion of clonal organisms (Cnidaria and Bryozoa) featured asexual reproduction, often in combination with sexual reproduction. Almost all rafting organisms have internal fertilisation, which may be due to the fact that gamete concentrations in the rafting environment are too low for successful fertilisation of external fertilisers. Following fertilisation, many rafting organisms incubate their offspring in/on their body or deposit embryos in egg masses on rafts. Local recruitment, where offspring settle in the immediate vicinity of parents, is considered an important advantage for establishing persistent local populations on a raft, or in new habitats. Some organisms are obligate rafters, spending their entire life cycle on a raft, but the large majority of reported rafters are considered facultative rafters. These organisms typically live in benthic (or terrestrial) habitats, but may become dispersed while being confined to a floating item. Substratum characteristics (complexity, surface, size) have important effects on the composition of the rafting community. While at sea, ecological interactions (facilitation, competition, predation) contribute to the community succession on rafts. Organisms capable to compete for and exploit resources on a raft (space and food) will be able to persist throughout community succession. The duration of rafting voyages is closely related to rafting distances, which may cover various geographical scales. In chronological order, three features of an organism gain in importance during rafting, these being ability to (1) hold onto floating items, (2) establish and compete successfully and (3) develop persistent local MARTIN THIEL & LARS GUTOW 280 populations during a long voyage. Small organisms that do not feed on their floating substratum and, with asexual reproduction or direct development, combine all these features appear to be mos...

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Section: Effect Of Substratum Characteristics On Raftersmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Ecology of Rafting in the Marine Environment. Ii. the Rafting Organisms and Community

Thiel¹,

Gutow²

2005

Oceanography and Marine Biology - An Annual Review

349

394

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“…Wikström & Pavia (2004) found chemical inhibition of epiphytes by Fucus vesiculosus, and Grateloupia has been shown to exhibit antifouling properties (Hellio et al 2004, Paul et al 2006). This may explain the low number of species that settled directly on the hosts' tissues, especially Grateloupia, as most epiphyte species associated with Grateloupia grew on its dominant epiphyte, Neosiphonia harveyi.…”

Section: Temporal and Habitat Differences In Epiphyte Communitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of habitat-modifying invasive macroalgae on epiphytic algal communities

Jones¹,

Thornber²

2010

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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Although invasive species can negatively impact communities via processes such as resource competition, they may also add new resources that facilitate the distribution and/or abundance of other organisms. In rocky intertidal systems, many benthic macroalgae compete for primary substrate, while providing secondary substrata to which sessile organisms can attach. Using field surveys and laboratory experiments, we investigated algal host -epiphyte dynamics in a New England rocky intertidal system. First, we compared the composition, abundance, richness, and diversity of epiphytes on 2 invasive macroalgal species, Codium fragile ssp. tomentosoides and Grateloupia turuturu, to 2 native macroalgal species, Chondrus crispus and Fucus vesiculosus. We found significant differences among epiphyte communities, as all macroalgal hosts supported different assemblages of species. While epiphyte richness and diversity were generally low on F. vesiculosus and G. turuturu year-round, they were low on C. crispus during the winter only. In contrast, epiphyte richness and diversity on C. fragile remained high throughout the year, suggesting that C. fragile plays an important role for supporting epiphytes during the cooler months. Second, we examined the relationship between epiphytes and a common herbivorous snail, Lacuna vincta. The abundance of juvenile L. vincta was positively correlated with 1 of the 2 most common epiphyte species, Neosiphonia harveyi. However, L. vincta showed a significant consumption preference for the other abundant epiphyte, Ceramium virgatum, in laboratory assays. Our results suggest that epiphyte facilitation by these invasive algal hosts is not only seasonally important for maintaining species richness and diversity, but may also provide both food and habitat for higher trophic levels. KEY WORDS: Invasive macroalgae · Epiphyte · Habitat-modification · Codium fragile · Grateloupia turuturu · Lacuna vincta Resale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisherMar Ecol Prog Ser 400: [87][88][89][90][91][92][93][94][95][96][97][98][99][100] 2010 1971). Some marine organisms, however, can act as foundation species (sensu Dayton 1972), thereby increasing substrate heterogeneity and the area available for settlement. Reviews have emphasized the critical role that these habitat-forming species can play in facilitating associated organisms (Stachowicz 2001, Bruno et al. 2003. For example, many benthic macroalgae serve as both primary spaceholders in communities, competing for resources such as space, as well as a secondary substratum, creating a physical structure to which other organisms can attach. Species that rely on secondary substrate, such as epiphytic algae, epibiotic/sessile invertebrates, and many other microfauna, may thus benefit from the presence of a habitatforming introduced species (Crooks 2002, Rodriguez 2006. Although many ecological studies have examined how native benthic algal species and associated invertebrates are displaced by these invasions (e.g. Le...

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“…They are suggested to have multiple ecological roles: some phlorotannins act as chemical defenses against herbivory (e.g., Steinberg, 1988;Targett and Arnold, 1998;Arnold and Targett, 2000;Pavia and Toth, 2000a) and as antifouling substances (Sieburth and Conover, 1965;Wikström and Pavia, 2004), although the evidence for this function is equivocal (Jennings and Steinberg, 1997). Concentrations of phlorotannins show phenotypic plasticity in response to environmental parameters, such as salinity, nutrient and light availability, ultraviolet irradiation, and intensity of herbivory (Yates and Peckol, 1993;Peckol et al, 1996;Pavia et al, 1997;Pavia and Toth, 2000b;Honkanen et al, 2002;Swanson and Druehl, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

CONTENTS OF SOLUBLE, CELL-WALL-BOUND AND EXUDED PHLOROTANNINS IN THE BROWN ALGA Fucus vesiculosus, WITH IMPLICATIONS ON THEIR ECOLOGICAL FUNCTIONS

et al. 2005

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Abstract-Phlorotannins are ubiquitous secondary metabolites in brown algae that are phenotypically plastic and suggested to have multiple ecological roles. Traditionally, phlorotannins have been quantified as total soluble phlorotannins. Here, we modify a quantification procedure to measure, for the first time, the amount of cell-wall-bound phlorotannins. We also optimize the quantification of soluble phlorotannins. We use these methods to study the responses of soluble and cell-wall-bound phlorotannin to nutrient enrichment in growing and nongrowing parts of the brown alga Fucus vesiculosus. We also examine the effects of nutrient shortage and herbivory on the rate of phlorotannin exudation. Concentrations of cell-wall-bound phlorotannins were much lower than concentrations of soluble phlorotannins; we also found that nutrient treatment over a period of 41 days affected only soluble phlorotannins. Concentrations of each phlorotannin type correlated positively between growing and nongrowing parts of individual seaweeds. However, within nongrowing thalli, soluble and cell-wall-bound phlorotannins were negatively correlated, whereas within growing thalli there was no correlation. Phlorotannins were exuded from the thallus in all treatments. Herbivory increased exudation, while a lack of nutrients had no effect on exudation. Because the amount of cell-wall-bound phlorotannins is much smaller than the amount of soluble phlorotannins, the major function of phlorotannins appears to be a secondary one.

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Chemical settlement inhibition versus post-settlement mortality as an explanation for differential fouling of two congeneric seaweeds

Cited by 79 publications

References 36 publications

The Ecology of Rafting in the Marine Environment. Ii. the Rafting Organisms and Community

The Ecology of Rafting in the Marine Environment. Ii. the Rafting Organisms and Community

Effects of habitat-modifying invasive macroalgae on epiphytic algal communities

CONTENTS OF SOLUBLE, CELL-WALL-BOUND AND EXUDED PHLOROTANNINS IN THE BROWN ALGA Fucus vesiculosus, WITH IMPLICATIONS ON THEIR ECOLOGICAL FUNCTIONS

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