Chemical Sensing Using Fiber Cavity Ring-Down Spectroscopy

Waechter, H.; Litman, Jessica; Cheung, Adrienne H.; Barnes, Jack A.; Loock, Hans‐Peter

doi:10.3390/s100301716

Cited by 105 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…This implementation of CES is attractive because measurements on sub-nL volumes of the sample can be conducted due to the small diameters of optical fibers used. CES within fibers has already been recently reviewed by Waechter et al [35]. If spectroscopy within a linear fiber is conducted, the ends of the fiber are equipped with either reflective dielectric mirrors [25] or …”

Section: Ces In Opticalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cavity-Enhanced Spectroscopy in Condensed Phases: Recent Literature and Remaining Challenges

Thompson

2017

Journal of Spectroscopy

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Section: Ces In Opticalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cavity-Enhanced Spectroscopy in Condensed Phases: Recent Literature and Remaining Challenges

Thompson

2017

Journal of Spectroscopy

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“…In measuring the optical wave, authors in [5] proposed the analysis of the scattering loss by quantifying the slope of light dispersion using a least square algorithm. An optical wave slope detection system for a finite spatial resolution in a cavity ring that produced a high frequency response was also proposed in [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non Regenerative Fiber backbone Power Loss Budget

Dotche

Banuenumah

Ofosu

2016

TNC

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The most important stage in the design of a Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) fiber optic system is about the choice of the correct optical transmitter, and receiver combination. This depends on the signal to be transmitted over the channel. By adopting the WDM two (2) signals at two (2) different wavelengths of 1310nm and 1550nm, can conveniently be carried on the same fiber. The WDM fiber link can carry 32,256 channels and the throughput too is high (>=2.5Gbps). Many television channels can be accommodated. The amplification along the fiber backhaul remains a bottleneck due to the non-linearity effects that could be additive. In order to minimize the non-linearity effect of the amplifiers, nonregenerative solutions are nowadays used. This paper develops a power loss budget for an optical sparse WDM long haul without inserting any regenerator along the transmission line. The study gives details of establishing a 200 km fiber optic link, operating at 2.5Gbps and supporting a digital signal of Synchronous Transport Signal-48/ Synchronous Transport Module 16 (STS-48/STM-16), where the link is assumed to carry 8 (WDM). In the dimensioning, the optical interfaces were chosen in agreement with the ITU-TG 654 applicable values. The system power deficit was not satisfactory in the first attempt, and so the Erbium Doped-Fiber Amplifiers (EDFAs) were inserted at the light source, and a preamplifier at the optical detector side. The system power deficit was still negative but not much. The transmitting system should have a positive value of the system power deficit so that the link budget can be suggested for the required transmission. Finally the change of the detector sensitivity gave the best estimation in the design process for the required link budget.

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“…To separate signals from different sensors in the sensor network, sensor multiplexing techniques are needed [8–14]. High sensitivity is another advantage of fiber-optic sensors, especially when a sensor is combined with special measurement methods such as the cavity ring-down (CRD) technique [15–29]. Last but not least, driven by the large telecommunication market, the cost of the components used for fiber-optic sensing is decreasing [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In conventional CRD experiments [15–29], an optical cavity is excited by an optical pulse, and the decay rate of the pulse is measured by fast detection electronics. One is able to deduce the loss information of some sample in the cavity from the pulse 1/ e decay time τ , or the so-called CRD time.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Frequency-Shifted Interferometry — A Versatile Fiber-Optic Sensing Technique

Zhang

et al. 2014

Sensors

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Fiber-optic sensing is a field that is developing at a fast pace. Novel fiber-optic sensor designs and sensing principles constantly open doors for new opportunities. In this paper, we review a fiber-optic sensing technique developed in our research group called frequency-shifted interferometry (FSI). This technique uses a continuous-wave light source, an optical frequency shifter, and a slow detector. We discuss the operation principles of several FSI implementations and show their applications in fiber length and dispersion measurement, locating weak reflections along a fiber link, fiber-optic sensor multiplexing, and high-sensitivity cavity ring-down measurement. Detailed analysis of FSI system parameters is also presented.

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Chemical Sensing Using Fiber Cavity Ring-Down Spectroscopy

Cited by 105 publications

References 59 publications

Cavity-Enhanced Spectroscopy in Condensed Phases: Recent Literature and Remaining Challenges

Cavity-Enhanced Spectroscopy in Condensed Phases: Recent Literature and Remaining Challenges

Non Regenerative Fiber backbone Power Loss Budget

Frequency-Shifted Interferometry — A Versatile Fiber-Optic Sensing Technique

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