Chemical Reaction Engineering of Biomass Conversion

Salmi, Tapio

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-386505-2.00004-3

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 67 publications

(68 reference statements)

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“…According to previous reports in the literature [16,17], two thermal decomposition modes exist for nonacarbonyldiiron. In one mode, nonacarbonyldiiron decomposes into pentacarbonyl iron, iron, and carbon monoxide when heated to 100–120°C false[Fe2(CO)9false→Fe(CO)5false↑+4COfalse↑+Fe−−−−−◯0.85em1false].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 77%

Gas detonation-prepared nano-carbon-based capsule matrix materials: Characterisation and microwave-absorption properties

Yan

et al. 2023

Materials Science and Technology

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Carbon-based capsule nanomaterials were synthesised through gas-phase detonation using acetylene gas, oxygen, and pentacarbonyl iron. The resulting nanoparticles consisted of a thin layer of capsule-like amorphous carbon with a high specific surface area and strong adsorption capacity. The products exhibited good electromagnetic properties with good reflection loss and absorption capabilities in the frequency range 2–18 GHz. The effective response frequency band ranged from 10.12 to 11.30 GHz, and the reflection loss reached 10.94 dB at 10.96 GHz. The absorption mechanism was mainly owing to dielectric loss as no significant magnetic loss was observed. These nanomaterials have the potential to be used as a matrix for carrying other nanomaterials and for adjusting the impedance-matching of composite materials, thereby enhancing electromagnetic-wave absorption.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 77%

Gas detonation-prepared nano-carbon-based capsule matrix materials: Characterisation and microwave-absorption properties

Yan

et al. 2023

Materials Science and Technology

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“…The most viable route to a reduction of the environmental costs of modern societies is an increase in the efficiencies of processes used in the manufacturing and transportation of products and in the production of energy [1]. Catalysis is a key phenomenon in a great number of relevant industrial processes, including feedstock conversion [2,3], energy conversion [4], tar cracking [5], emission abatement [6,7] and optimizations of energy use [8]. At the same time, nanotechnology has emerged as a subject area with a strong potential to enhance energy efficiency in all areas of the energy sector, from energy sources to energy change, distribution, storage and usage [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Computational optimization of catalyst distributions at the nano-scale

Ström

2017

Applied Energy

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Catalysis is a key phenomenon in a great number of energy processes, including feedstock conversion, tar cracking, emission abatement and optimizations of energy use. Within heterogeneous, catalytic nano-scale systems, the chemical reactions typically proceed at very high rates at a gas-solid interface. However, the statistical uncertainties characteristic of molecular processes pose efficiency problems for computational optimizations of such nanoscale systems. The present work investigates the performance of a Direct Simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) code with a stochastic optimization heuristic for evaluations of an optimal catalyst distribution. The DSMC code treats molecular motion with homogeneous and heterogeneous chemical reactions in wall-bounded systems and algorithms have been devised that allow optimization of the distribution of a catalytically active material within a threedimensional duct (e.g. a pore). The objective function is the outlet concentration of computational molecules that have interacted with the catalytically active surface, and the optimization method used is simulated annealing. The application of a stochastic optimization heuristic is shown to be more efficient within the present DSMC framework than using a macroscopic overlay method. Furthermore, it is shown that the performance of the developed method is superior to that of a gradient search method for the current class of problems. Finally, the advantages and disadvantages of different types of objective functions are discussed.

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Chemical Reaction Engineering of Biomass Conversion

Cited by 2 publications

References 67 publications

Gas detonation-prepared nano-carbon-based capsule matrix materials: Characterisation and microwave-absorption properties

Gas detonation-prepared nano-carbon-based capsule matrix materials: Characterisation and microwave-absorption properties

Computational optimization of catalyst distributions at the nano-scale

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