Chemical Pulp Mills as Biorefineries

Rodrigues, Alírio E.; Pinto, Paula Cristina de Oliveira Rodrigues; Barreiro, M.F.; Costa, Carina Andreia Esteves da; Mota, Maria Inês Ferreira da; Fernandes, Isabel P.

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-99313-3_1

Cited by 7 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 128 publications

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“…[2][3][4][5][6] Currently, this weak BL is concentrated in evaporators and then burned in a recovery furnace, to recover the cooking chemicals and generate steam and energy 2,3,5,7 (Figure 1). The recovery furnace is the limiting equipment in a pulp mill since its capacity limits the pulp production, [7][8][9] being a bottleneck of the kraft process. Considering this critical economic factor in the kraft pulping process, different studies have been developed [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22] in order to find alternatives to use (or to treat) the excess of BL produced, which can be extremely useful when the recovery furnace reaches its maximum capacity.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…The recovery furnace is the limiting equipment in a pulp mill since its capacity limits the pulp production, [7][8][9] being a bottleneck of the kraft process. Considering this critical economic factor in the kraft pulping process, different studies have been developed [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22] in order to find alternatives to use (or to treat) the excess of BL produced, which can be extremely useful when the recovery furnace reaches its maximum capacity. 12 Among the alternative processes that can be used in this field, the electrolysis of BL is one of the most promising.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Editors' Choice—On the Oxidation of Kraft Black Liquor for Lignin Recovery: A Voltammetric Study

Oliveira

Mateus

Santos

2019

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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The present study focuses on the electrolysis of kraft black liquor (BL) for energy and lignin recovery. The concept has economic and environmental advantages, as it simultaneously generates a clean fuel gas (hydrogen) at the cathode and a solid with economic value (lignin) at the anode. Platinum (Pt), nickel (Ni), and AISI 304 stainless steel (SS) are assessed as potential anodes and cathodes for the BL electrolysis. Voltammetric methods are used to study the lignin oxidation in the BL, allowing the calculation of the charge transfer coefficient and the number of exchanged electrons. The hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in BL is also evaluated in the same electrodes, with the Tafel slopes, charge transfer coefficients and exchange current densities being determined. Pt leads to the best results for both HER and lignin oxidation, followed by Ni, whereas AISI 304 SS is not appropriate. A small-scale laboratory BL electrolyzer using Ni plate electrodes is assembled and tested. The lignin electrodeposited at the anode is characterized by Fourier Transform Mid Infrared Spectroscopy and compared with lyophilized lignin and Klason lignin. The higher purity of the lignin obtained by BL electrolysis suggests further work on the development of this new technology.

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confidence: 99%

Editors' Choice—On the Oxidation of Kraft Black Liquor for Lignin Recovery: A Voltammetric Study

Oliveira

Mateus

Santos

2019

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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“…During the pulp and paper processing, high volumes of water are consumed, and different waste streams are generated. The accurate determination of the chemical composition of waste streams is challenging since it depends on several factors, including wood source, manufacturing processes, the chemicals used, the operational conditions, the type and grade of final products or the wastewater treatment techniques [16][17][18][19]. The chemical composition is essential to envisage the possible routes for the valorization of each waste.…”

Section: Wastes Resulting From Each Step Of Pulp and Paper Processing...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Concerning the chemical characterization of wastes, most of the examples found in the literature are related to the Eucalyptus globulus. The popularity of this wood source for pulp and paper production is related to the high forest productivity coupled with the high cellulose and low lignin contents, which results in a high pulping yield [13,18,[21][22][23].…”

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confidence: 99%

Getting Value from Pulp and Paper Industry Wastes: On the Way to Sustainability and Circular Economy

et al. 2022

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The pulp and paper industry is recognized as a well-established sector, which throughout its process, generates a vast amount of waste streams with the capacity to be valorized. Typically, these residues are burned for energy purposes, but their use as substrates for biological processes could be a more efficient and sustainable alternative. With this aim, it is essential to identify and characterize each type of waste to determine its biotechnological potential. In this context, this research highlights possible alternatives with lower environmental impact and higher revenues. The bio-based pathway should be a promising alternative for the valorization of pulp and paper industry wastes, in particular for bioproduct production such as bioethanol, polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), and biogas. This article focuses on state of the art regarding the identification and characterization of these wastes, their main applied deconstruction technologies and the valorization pathways reported for the production of the abovementioned bioproducts.

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“…Moreover, the structural units of lignin can comprise several functional groups. The most frequent ones are primary and secondary aliphatic hydroxyl, aromatic methoxyl and phenolic hydroxyl, and in minor amounts, the carbonyl (aldehydes and ketones), and carboxyl groups [ 24 ]. The plant species (softwood, hardwood, or grass), the morphological part of the plant, and the delignification process determine the structural characteristics (functional groups and type of linkage) and composition of lignin [ 25 , 26 ].…”

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confidence: 99%

Exploring the Potential of Vine Shoots as a Source of Valuable Extracts and Stable Lignin Nanoparticles for Multiple Applications

Pereira

Costa

Mateus

et al. 2023

IJMS

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Large amounts of vine shoots are generated every year during vine pruning. This residue still presents many of the compounds found in the original plant, including low molecular weight phenolic compounds and structural compounds such as cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. For wine-producing regions, the challenge is to develop alternatives that will increase the value of this residue. This work proposes the full valorization of vine shoots, focusing on the extraction of lignin by mild acidolysis for the preparation of nanoparticles. The effect of the pretreatment solvents (ethanol/toluene, E/T, and water/ethanol, W/E), on the chemical and structural features of lignin, was evaluated. The chemical analysis suggests similar composition and structure regardless of the pretreatment solvent, although lignin isolated after pretreatment of biomass with E/T showed a higher content of proanthocyanidins (11%) compared with W/E (5%). Lignin nanoparticles (LNPs) presented an average size ranging from 130–200 nm and showed good stability for 30 days. Lignin and LNPs showed excellent antioxidant properties (half maximal inhibitory concentration, IC50 0.016–0.031 mg/mL) when compared to commercial antioxidants. In addition, extracts resulting from biomass pretreatment showed antioxidant activity, with W/E presenting a lower IC50 (0.170 mg/mL) than E/T (0.270 mg/mL), correlated with the higher polyphenol content of W/E, with (+)-catechin and (−)-epicatechin being the main compounds detected. Overall, this work shows that the pre-treatment of vine shoots with green solvents can yield (i) the production of high-purity lignin samples with antioxidant properties and (ii) phenolic-rich extracts, promoting the integral reuse of this byproduct and contributing to sustainability.

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Chemical Pulp Mills as Biorefineries

Cited by 7 publications

References 128 publications

Editors' Choice—On the Oxidation of Kraft Black Liquor for Lignin Recovery: A Voltammetric Study

Editors' Choice—On the Oxidation of Kraft Black Liquor for Lignin Recovery: A Voltammetric Study

Getting Value from Pulp and Paper Industry Wastes: On the Way to Sustainability and Circular Economy

Exploring the Potential of Vine Shoots as a Source of Valuable Extracts and Stable Lignin Nanoparticles for Multiple Applications

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