Chemical Properties of Organic Soils

Karam, Antoine

doi:10.1201/9781420005271.ch28

Cited by 40 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Total nitrogen from the soil samples were quantified following micro-Kjeldhal method (Rutherford et al, 2008). Total P, potassium (K), Calcium (Ca) and Magnesium (Mg) were determined by dry-ashing method (Karam, 1993).…”

Section: Ajabsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Liming and Fertilizer Application in Hemic and Sapric of Tropical Peat: Phosphorus Mineralization, Infra-Red Spectroscopy and Microscopy

Reeza¹

2014

American Journal of Agricultural and Biological Sciences

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This study was conducted to investigate the changes in nutrient level P as well as in the structural and functional groups upon the decomposition of Hemic and Sapric peat material due to application of lime and fertilizers. The peat materials were left to decompose for 8 weeks under laboratory incubation and samples were taken for the determination of extractable P at 1 week interval. At 8 weeks, samples were sent for FTIR and SEM analysis. Although both types of peat material exhibit similar patterns in the mineralization of phosphorus, however, the amount of extractable phosphorus between Hemic and Sapric during the decomposition process differed. Addition of fertilizer (T3) resulted in a significantly large increase in extractable P compared to T1 and T2 but the effect was temporal as the extractable P declined throughout the incubation period. Sapric material displayed more absorption bands from the FTIR spectral analysis compared to Hemic although there were few similarities between the bands produced. Application of fertilizer in T3 caused the peaks that were similar with other treatments became weaker and different functional groups were shown at lower frequencies. Images from SEM showed that addition of lime and fertilizers caused the collapsing and degradation of the plant cell structures in the organic materials of the peat justifying the process of decomposition had occurred. Hemic and Sapric peat material showed some similarities as well as differences in extractable P, plant cell structures and spectral bands upon the application of lime and fertilizers.

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Section: Ajabsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Liming and Fertilizer Application in Hemic and Sapric of Tropical Peat: Phosphorus Mineralization, Infra-Red Spectroscopy and Microscopy

Reeza¹

2014

American Journal of Agricultural and Biological Sciences

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“…The mixture was allowed to equilibrate for 1 h and the pH of the solution determined using a pH meter (Denver Instrument Co., Denver, Colorado) (Hendershot et al 1993). The organic matter content of soil samples was determined for the top 5 cm of soil by mass losson-ignition at 550°C for 4 h (Karam 1993). Particle size analysis of soil samples was conducted using the hydrometer method (Day 1969).…”

Section: Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential Nitrate Leaching Under Common Landscaping Plants

Amador

Hull

Patenaude

et al. 2007

Water Air Soil Pollut

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Studies on N losses from ornamental plantings -other than turf -are scant despite the ubiquity of these landscaping elements. We compared pore water NO 3 and extractable soil NO 3 and NH 4 in areas with turf, areas with seven different types of ornamental landscape plantings, and a native woodland. Turf areas received annual N inputs of~48 kg ha −1 and annual flowers received~24 kg N ha −1 at the time of planting. None of the other areas were fertilized during the course of the study. Data were collected on 23 occasions between June 2002 and November 2003. Pore water NO 3 concentrations at a 60-cm depthbased on pooled data -were highest (1.4 to 7.8 mg NO 3 -N l −1 ) under ground covers, unplanted-mulched areas, turf, deciduous trees, and evergreen trees, with no differences among these vegetation types. Lower values were observed under woodlands, annual and perennial flowers, and evergreen and deciduous shrubs. Pore water NO 3 concentrations exceeded the drinking water regulatory limit of 10 mg NO 3 -N l −1 under ground covers, turf and unplanted-mulched areas in 39, 20 and 10% of samples, respectively. Leaching losses of NO 3 -N over 18 months ranged from 0.17 kg N ha −1 in the woodlands to 34.97 kg N ha −1 under ground covers. Annual NO 3 losses under unplantedmulched areas and ground covers were approximately twice the average N input (10 kg N ha −1 year −1 ) from atmospheric deposition. Extractable NO 3 in woodland soils (0.5 μg NO 3 -N g −1 ) was lower than for all other vegetation types (3.1-7.8 μg NO 3 -N g −1 ). Extractable NH 4 levels were highest in woodlands, deciduous trees, and annual flowers (6.7-10.1 μg NH 4 -N g −1 ). Most vegetation types appear to act as net N sinks relative to atmospheric inputs, whereas unplantedmulched areas and areas planted with ground covers act as net sources of NO 3 to groundwater.

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“…Four extractions of increasing strength were performed, following the methods of Ure (1991), University of Minnesota (2000), Karam (1993) and Hill and Siegel (1991). These were: water extraction (soluble cations only), ammonium acetate extraction (exchangeable + soluble cations), nitric acid on dry peat extraction (extractable + exchangeable + soluble cations) and nitric acid on ashes extraction (approximating total elements).…”

Section: Extraction Methods and Measurements Of Cation Concentrationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Because ammonium acetate extracts only soluble cations and exchangeable K, Na, Mg and Ca (Karam, 1993; University of…”

Section: Extraction Methods and Measurements Of Cation Concentrationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Geochemistry of three contrasting British peatlands: Complex patterns of cation availability and implications for microbial metabolism

2010

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of three contrasting British peatlands: Complex patterns of cation availability and implications for microbial metabolism. Geoderma, Elsevier, 2010, 158 (3-4) 2 Abstract Cation availability in peat may limit CH 4 production and microbial activity and thereby impact rates of organic matter accumulation and the chemical character of the peat. We quantify total, soluble, and exchangeable cation concentrations, Exchange Site Saturation Levels (ESSL) and organic fractions in bog-peat profiles and compare these with fen-peat.Total and soluble cation concentrations are not correlated and these and exchangeable cation concentrations are lower in bog than fen peat. In all sites these vary with depth and the distribution patterns of individual cations are unique. This is explained by variation in ESSL, which is negatively correlated with Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC). Total cation concentrations in bog-peat are higher in the top and bottom fractions than in the middle.Soluble concentrations in surface bog-peat are low, because cations are trapped due to low ESSL. This does not occur in fen-peat, with lower CEC and higher ESSL. CEC is related to total organic matter content, not just to Sphagnum, which has been invoked as the explanatory variable of high CEC in peat bogs. There is a complexity in the mechanisms controlling cation availability in peat and we suggest that total, soluble and exchangeable cation fractions need to be taken into account in studies of cation limitation of microbial activity in organic soils.

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Chemical Properties of Organic Soils

Cited by 40 publications

References 2 publications

Effect of Liming and Fertilizer Application in Hemic and Sapric of Tropical Peat: Phosphorus Mineralization, Infra-Red Spectroscopy and Microscopy

Effect of Liming and Fertilizer Application in Hemic and Sapric of Tropical Peat: Phosphorus Mineralization, Infra-Red Spectroscopy and Microscopy

Potential Nitrate Leaching Under Common Landscaping Plants

Geochemistry of three contrasting British peatlands: Complex patterns of cation availability and implications for microbial metabolism

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