Chemical profiling of different hashish seizures by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and statistical methodology: A case report

Cadola, Liv; Broséus, Julian; Esseiva, Pierre

doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2013.08.014

Cited by 16 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 23 publications

(40 reference statements)

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“…With such specimens, intravariability could be evaluated by computing the distribution between pairs from the same production site and intervariability by computing the distribution from the ones of different production sites. The distributions of intra-and intervariability would possibly be influenced by a new specimen, and threshold values would have to be revaluated [11].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elemental analysis for profiling counterfeit watches

Hochholdinger

Marvin

Arnoux

et al. 2019

Forensic Science International

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Counterfeit watches are products of illicit activity and contain traces of their production and distribution. Traces provide pertinent information through one of their fundamental characteristics: the ability to reveal links between specimens or cases. The aim of this study was to develop an analytical strategy to obtain the elemental composition of watchcases, by analysing a selection of 35 counterfeit watches. We propose a methodology based on multivariate statistical analysis of chemical results that discriminates between watches from common and different origins, and, ultimately, classifies them into chemical groups. All watchcases were analysed using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), providing representative descriptive data on the composition of watchcases. Several multivariate approaches were assessed, considering different scenarios, each using a different set of variables. It appeared that the model that performed best in terms of classification criteria could be misleading, especially in an exploratory context that focuses on the production of intelligence. At the end of the day, hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) allowed us to classify the specimens into 14 chemical classes. Information gained through chemical analysis revealed several links between the specimens. This initial study was performed on a very limited number of watches. Although still in the developmental stage, our approach exhibits promising capabilities and encourages chemical profiling of counterfeit watches on larger scale.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elemental analysis for profiling counterfeit watches

Hochholdinger

Marvin

Arnoux

et al. 2019

Forensic Science International

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“…Lower drying temperatures should be avoided, as they result in mould growth [ 71 ]. Despite this, drying is frequently performed at variety of temperatures and durations, such as at 135 °C, 2 h, 120 °C [ 72 ], 103 °C, 4 h [ 73 ], 65 °C, 16 h [ 74 ] or 48 h [ 75 , 76 ], 60 °C, 12 h [ 77 ], 40–50 °C [ 54 ], 40 °C,72 h [ 78 ], 48 h [ 17 , 79 ] or 24 h [ 74 , 80 , 81 ], 38 °C, 4–8 h [ 82 ], 35 °C, 24 h [ 83 ], 30–40 °C, 1–2 days [ 46 ], 30 °C [ 57 ] on forced ventilation oven, by natural ventilation at 32 °C for 60 h [ 84 ], at 30 °C overnight [ 52 ] or for 4 h [ 80 ] or air-dried at room temperature (20–22 °C) for 24 h [ 81 ], for 3 days [ 44 , 85 ], 6 days after harvesting [ 86 ], for 4 weeks [ 87 ] or until a residual humidity ≤12% is achieved [ 47 ].…”

Section: Analytical Methods For Phytocannabinoid Profilingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, acidic and neutral phytocannabinoids are not distinguishable, but rather the result is the sum of neutral cannabinoid present in the extract and neutral cannabinoid generated during decarboxylation. The issue is of no concern for studies aiming to quantify total THC (Δ 9 -THC and Δ 9 -THCA) levels, as it is the case with most of the GC-based studies included in this review without prior derivatization [ 9 , 17 , 18 , 45 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 52 , 54 , 56 , 58 , 59 , 63 , 67 , 72 , 73 , 74 , 75 , 76 , 79 , 81 , 82 , 85 , 86 , 89 , 93 , 96 , 98 , 101 , 102 , 103 , 105 , 108 , 115 , 121 , 122 , 123 , 124 , 128 , 138 , 139 , 141 , 148 , 150 , 152 , 154 , 155 ,…”

Section: Analytical Methods For Phytocannabinoid Profilingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Electron impact ionization (EI) is the most commonly used ionization technique in cannabinoid profiling, while others, i.e., chemical ionization (CI) in positive/negative mode and atmospheric pressure ionization (API) are preferred in forensic analysis of phytocannabinoids in biological samples. Mass selective detector (MSD) [ 45 , 47 , 49 , 55 , 59 , 74 , 81 , 86 , 89 , 90 , 94 , 96 , 121 , 122 , 123 , 124 , 128 , 139 , 146 , 148 , 154 , 160 , 166 ], single quadrupole (Q) [ 57 , 66 , 76 , 163 ] and triple quadrupole (QQQ) are the most frequently used configurations. Improved sensitivity, specificity and reproducibility, with reduced noise level and interferences are achieved by monitoring specific ions (selected ion monitoring, SIM mode, MSDs and Qs) or fragmentation reactions (multiple reaction monitoring mode, MRM mode, QQQ), then using the analyzers in scan mode.…”

Section: Analytical Methods For Phytocannabinoid Profilingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The following are available online. Table S1: GC-based analytical methods for cannabinoid profiling [ 5 , 9 , 10 , 17 , 18 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 , 59 , 66 , 67 , 70 , 71 , 72 , 73 , 74 , 75 , 77 , 78 , 79 , 81 , 82 , 84 , 85 , 86 , 87 , 88 , 89 , 90 , 91 , 93 , 94 , 95 , 96 , 97 , 98 , 99 , 101 , 102 , 103 , 104 , …”

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confidence: 99%

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Analytical Techniques for Phytocannabinoid Profiling of Cannabis and Cannabis-Based Products—A Comprehensive Review

et al. 2022

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Cannabis is gaining increasing attention due to the high pharmacological potential and updated legislation authorizing multiple uses. The development of time- and cost-efficient analytical methods is of crucial importance for phytocannabinoid profiling. This review aims to capture the versatility of analytical methods for phytocannabinoid profiling of cannabis and cannabis-based products in the past four decades (1980–2021). The thorough overview of more than 220 scientific papers reporting different analytical techniques for phytocannabinoid profiling points out their respective advantages and drawbacks in terms of their complexity, duration, selectivity, sensitivity and robustness for their specific application, along with the most widely used sample preparation strategies. In particular, chromatographic and spectroscopic methods, are presented and discussed. Acquired knowledge of phytocannabinoid profile became extremely relevant and further enhanced chemotaxonomic classification, cultivation set-ups examination, association of medical and adverse health effects with potency and/or interplay of certain phytocannabinoids and other active constituents, quality control (QC), and stability studies, as well as development and harmonization of global quality standards. Further improvement in phytocannabinoid profiling should be focused on untargeted analysis using orthogonal analytical methods, which, joined with cheminformatics approaches for compound identification and MSLs, would lead to the identification of a multitude of new phytocannabinoids.

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Drugs of abuse

Daéid¹

2015

Forensic Chemistry

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Chemical profiling of different hashish seizures by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and statistical methodology: A case report

Cited by 16 publications

References 23 publications

Elemental analysis for profiling counterfeit watches

Elemental analysis for profiling counterfeit watches

Analytical Techniques for Phytocannabinoid Profiling of Cannabis and Cannabis-Based Products—A Comprehensive Review

Drugs of abuse

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