Chemical Profiling and Dose-Dependent Assessment of Fear Reducing and Memory-Enhancing Effects ofSolanum virginianumin Rats

Abstract

The current study was planned to investigate the pharmacological basis of Solanum virginianum extract (SV.CR) pertaining to anxiolytic, antidepressant and memory-enhancing effects in rats. The SV.CR was analyzed in-vitro for phytoconstituents, antioxidant potential and anticholinesterase activity. The rats treated in a dose-dependent manner (25, 50 and 100 mg/kg of SV.CR) were subjected to behavioral tests for anxiety, depression and memory judgment followed by biochemical studies. A notable dose-dependent anxiolytic potential of SV.CR was observed in elevated plus maze and open field tests (P < 0.05). The decreased immobility time of the treated rats in the forced swim test (P < 0.01) unveiled the plant’s potential to reduce depression. Moreover, SV.CR treatment also reversed scopolamine-impaired cognition (P < 0.05) in various deployed memory and learning tasks. Biochemical studies of brain homogenates of SV.CR treated animals demonstrated decreased anticholinesterase activity and lipid peroxidation levels whereas increased levels of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase (P < 0.05 vs scopolamine group) were noted. The scientific validation of the study supported the use of Solanum virginianum in reducing anxiety, depression and amnesia in experimental models. Phytoconstituents in SV.CR such as oleanolic acid and caffeic acid might have played a significant neuroprotective role via modulation of oxidative stress and neurochemical aspects.

Anti-Alzheimer’s and Anti-inflammatory Activities of Compounds Isolated from Solanum Mauritianum

“…Moreover, there are reports on the MeOH extract of Solanum virginianum showing memory-enhancing effects on rats fed with doses between 25-100 mg/ kg b.w. This effect can be partly attributed to the AChE inhibition, with an IC 50 of 386.25 μg/mL [34]. In this sense, we can conclude that the extracts of S. mauritianum have potential against AD as confirmed by previous reports on these related plants.…”

Combination of levetiracetam with sodium selenite prevents pentylenetetrazole-induced kindling and behavioral comorbidities in rats

“…The treatment of epilepsy has been a huge challenge for neurologists due to the high refractoriness of current therapy ( Javaid et al, 2021 , Javaid et al, 2021 ). The mainstay of therapy targets not only to protect the patient from seizure episodes but to improve the patient’s overall well-being by maintaining the psychosocial activities and evading the toxicities imposed by long-term drug use ( Goldenberg, 2010 ).…”

Long-Term Supplementation of Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels Concentrate Alleviates Age-Related Cognitive Deficit and Oxidative Damage: A Comparative Study of Young vs. Old Mice

“…The mice were allowed to explore all four arms for 5 min after being introduced to the maze by being placed in front of the open arm at the beginning of the test. To evaluate the inter-group difference for anxiety, the entries and duration of each animal were noted in the open arms, as the preference for the open arena was taken as an indication of anxiolytic behavior [ 26 ].…”