Chemical profiles, pharmacological properties, and in silico studies provide new insights on Cycas pectinata

Abstract

The current study aimed to qualitatively and quantitatively determine the phytochemical components of Cycas pectinata methanol extract (MECP), along with its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, thrombolytic, locomotor, anxiolytic, analgesic, and antidiarrheal activities. The in vitro antioxidant activity was evaluated by DPPH scavenging assay and the total phenol and total flavonoid contents, while the anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated by a protein denaturation assay. The in vivo locomotor effects were examined using the open field test and holecross test. The anxiolytic effect was examined using the elevated plus maze (EPM) test, hole-board test (HBT), and light-dark test (LDT), while the analgesic activity was investigated using the acetic acid-induced writhing test. The antidiarrheal effect was evaluated by castor oil-induced diarrhea and gastrointestinal motility. Ten bioactive compounds were selected on the basis of their biological activities and further investigated using in silico molecular docking simulation to correlate with the identified pharmacological properties. Additionally, the ADME properties of the compounds were evaluated according to their drug-likeness profile. MECP had a maximum total phenol content of 209.85 AE 3.40 gallic acid equivalents/g extract and a total flavonoid content of 105.17 AE 3.45 quercetin equivalents/g extract, with an IC 50 value of 631.44 μg/mL. MECP (62.5-500 μg/mL) elicited 20.96-38.12% decreased protein denaturation compared to diclofenac sodium (65.40-83.50%), while a 35.72% (P < 0.001) clot lysis activity was observed for the 10 mg/mL concentration. MECP induced a dose-dependent reduction in locomotor activity, with a significant anxiolytic effect. In the analgesic test, MECP (200, 400 mg/ kg) showed a 45.12% and 58.82% inhibition in analgesia, and the 400 mg/kg dose elicited a 27.5% inhibition in intestinal motility. These findings suggest that MECP might be effective in treating antioxidant, antiinflammatory, and neuropharmacological defects, but this requires further study.

Biochemical and Computational Approach of Selected Phytocompounds from Tinospora crispa in the Management of COVID-19

“…Several endogenous receptors responsible for prominent biological functions are triggered by numerous plant-derived phytochemicals [ 36 ]. Medicinal plants are endowed with plenty of phytocompounds, and since ancient times, plant-derived compounds have been used for treatment in numerous diseases [ 15 , 37 , 38 ]. Diverse secondary metabolites, including alkaloids, terpenoids, lignans, glycosides, amino acids, are crucial for the growth and functioning of plants and have numerous pharmacological aspects of fighting against several abnormal conditions [ 39 , 40 , 41 ].…”

GC-MS Phytochemical Profiling, Pharmacological Properties, and In Silico Studies of Chukrasia velutina Leaves: A Novel Source for Bioactive Agents

“…In this test, the observation was highlighted mainly on the dose of 400 mg/kg and its first (0 min) to fifth (120 min) observation, the number of the crossing of rodent into the hole of the wall decreased when the time was passed because it was observed at 30 min duration of time [37]. However, the 200 mg/kg dose of MECVL showed a significant reduction in the number of crossing between the hole of partition only for the fourth observation [38]. In addition, diazepam which was used as a reference drug exhibited significant sedative activity for its observation from 0 to 120 min.…”

“…By analyzing these compounds, we found only thirty-five compounds of C. velutina which followed Lipinski's rule in the SwissADME tool with a molecular weight not more than 500; H-bond acceptors ≤ 10; H-bond donors ≤ 5; molar refractivity among 40 to 130; lipophilicity < 5. Therefore, these compounds maintained pharmacokinetics parameters indicating that these compounds do not have any toxic impact in the body [38]. After that, these compounds should be used in the molecular docking analysis for antidepressant, anxiolytic, and sedative effects to correlate the experiment results that we found through the animal model and these compounds have been exhibited in Table 5.…”

Insightful Valorization of the Biological Activities of Pani Heloch Leaves through Experimental and Computer-Aided Mechanisms

“…The acute oral toxicity test was performed by following a standard method [72]. Twenty-one Swiss albino male mice (25-30 g) were used for the acute toxicity test and divided into five groups, where each group contained six mice and different doses of the MEAM leaves (50, 100, 200, 400, or 2000 mg/kg body weight) were administered by gavage for observation.…”