Chemical profile of the parotoid gland secretion of the Amazonian toad (Rhinella margaritifera)

Sinhorin, Adilson P.; Kerkhoff, Jacqueline; Dall'Oglio, Evadro Luiz; Rodrigues, Domingos de Jesus; Vasconcelos, Leonardo Gomes de; Sinhorin, Valéria Dornelles Gindri

doi:10.1016/j.toxicon.2020.04.106

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 30 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Recently, the effect was reported of PGS of Bufo bufo and R. marina on metastatic melanoma, finding that the bufadienolide bufalin was the best antiproliferative agent in the samples [ 53 ]. Sinhorin, et al [ 54 ] described the composition of the Amazonian Rhinella margaritifera PGS and reported argininyl diacids, bufotalin, and cinobufagin argininyl diacids as well as the bufadienolides bufotalin, cinobufagin, and telocinobufagin as main compounds.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Parotoid Gland Secretion from Peruvian Toad Rhinella horribilis (Wiegmann, 1833): Chemical Composition and Effect on the Proliferation and Migration of Lung Cancer Cells

Schmeda-Hirschmann

Andrade

Soto-Vásquez

et al. 2020

Toxins

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Since Rhinella sp. toads produce bioactive substances, some species have been used in traditional medicine and magical practices by ancient cultures in Peru. During several decades, the Rhinella horribilis toad was confused with the invasive toad Rhinella marina, a species documented with extensive toxinological studies. In contrast, the chemical composition and biological effects of the parotoid gland secretions (PGS) remain still unknown for R. horribilis. In this work, we determine for the first time 55 compounds from the PGS of R. horribilis, which were identified using HPLC-MS/MS. The crude extract inhibited the proliferation of A549 cancer cells with IC50 values of 0.031 ± 0.007 and 0.015 ± 0.001 µg/mL at 24 and 48 h of exposure, respectively. Moreover, it inhibited the clonogenic capacity, increased ROS levels, and prevented the etoposide-induced apoptosis, suggesting that the effect of R. horribilis poison secretion was by cell cycle blocking before of G2/M-phase checkpoint. Fraction B was the most active and strongly inhibited cancer cell migration. Our results indicate that the PGS of R. horribilis are composed of alkaloids, bufadienolides, and argininyl diacids derivatives, inhibiting the proliferation and migration of A549 cells.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Parotoid Gland Secretion from Peruvian Toad Rhinella horribilis (Wiegmann, 1833): Chemical Composition and Effect on the Proliferation and Migration of Lung Cancer Cells

Schmeda-Hirschmann

Andrade

Soto-Vásquez

et al. 2020

Toxins

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Bufotoxins are predominantly polar molecules due to the presence of a polar constituent at the C‐3 position. From the PGS of the Amazonian toad Rhinella margaritifera , Sinhorin et al (2020) identified six bufotoxins: 3‐(N‐adipoyl argininyl) bufotalin; 3‐(N‐pimeloyl argininyl) bufotalin; 3‐(N‐suberoyl argininyl) telocinobufagin; 3‐(N‐suberoyl argininyl) bufotalin; 3‐(N‐pimeloyl argininyl) cinobufagin; 3‐(N‐suberoyl argininyl) cinobufagin (Sinhorin et al, 2020).…”

Section: Bufotoxinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…R at the 3‐position of the bufadienolide structures are replaced by 3‐O‐sulfate, 3‐hemisuberate and 17 types of diacid‐conjugated amino acids in various combinations that give 97 different structures. The bufotoxins discovered in the skin and secretion of various Bufo species were collected from these sources: Sinhorin et al (2020), Cao et al (2019), W. Ren et al (2018), Meng et al (2016), H. Y. Li et al (2013), Schmeda‐Hirschmann et al (2016), B. Chen et al (2021), and Shimizu et al (2020). The names of these substitutes as well as their primary sources are given in the Supporting Information (Table ).…”

Section: Bufotoxinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toad venom bufadienolides and bufotoxins: An updated review

Asrorov,

Kayumov,

Mukhamedov

et al. 2023

Drug Development Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Bufadienolides, naturally found in toad venoms having steroid‐like structures, reveal antiproliferative effects at low doses. However, their application as anticancer drugs is strongly prevented by their Na+/K+‐ATPase binding activities. Although several kinds of research were dedicated to moderating their Na+/K+‐ATPase binding activity, still deeper fundamental knowledge is required to bring these findings into medical practice. In this work, we reviewed data related to anticancer activity of bufadienolides such as bufalin, arenobufagin, bufotalin, gamabufotalin, cinobufotalin, and cinobufagin and their derivatives. Bufotoxins, derivatives of bufadienolides containing polar molecules mainly belonging to argininyl residues, are reviewed as well. The established structures of bufotoxins have been compiled into a one‐page figure to review their structures. We also highlighted advances in the structure‐modification of the structure of compounds in this class. Drug delivery approaches to target these compounds to tumor cells were discussed in one section. The issues related to extraction, identification, and quantification are separated into another section.

show abstract

“…However, although R . margaritifera is highly toxic (Sinhorin et al, 2020), the toads do appear to be at risk from predators including birds, snakes and mammals (Gompper, 1996; Kollarits et al, 2013; McElroy, 2016; Oliveira et al, 2017; Toledo et al, 2007). Indeed, as the toads’ diet primarily consists of invertebrates, a large proportion of which are ants, it seems unlikely that high‐fidelity camouflage would evolve to aid in prey capture although the same principles of camouflage evolution would still apply (Almeida et al, 2019; Pembury Smith & Ruxton, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Colour pattern variation forms local background matching camouflage in a leaf‐mimicking toad

Barnett

Michalis

Scott‐Samuel

et al. 2021

J of Evolutionary Biology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Optimal camouflage can, in principle, be relatively easily achieved in simple, homogeneous, environments where backgrounds always have the same colour, brightness and patterning. Natural environments are, however, rarely homogenous, and species often find themselves viewed against varied backgrounds where the task of concealment is more challenging. One result of variable backgrounds is the evolution of intraspecific phenotypic variation which may either be generalized, with multiple similarly cryptic patterns, or specialized, with each discrete colour form maximizing concealment against a single component of the background. We investigated the role of phenotypic variation in a highly variable population of the Neotropical toad Rhinella margaritifera using visual modelling and a computer‐based detection task. We found that phenotypic variation was not divided into discrete colour morphs, and all toads were well camouflaged against the forest floor. However, although the whole population may appear to consist of random samples from the background, the toads were a particularly close match to the leaf litter, suggesting that they masquerade as dead leaves, which are themselves variable. Furthermore, rather than each colour form being equally effective against a single background, each toad was specialized towards its own particular local surroundings, as suggested by a specialist strategy. Taken together, these data highlight the importance of background matching to a nominally masquerading species, as well as how habitat heterogeneity at multiple spatial scales may affect the evolution of camouflage and phenotypic variation.

show abstract

Chemical profile of the parotoid gland secretion of the Amazonian toad (Rhinella margaritifera)

Cited by 7 publications

References 30 publications

The Parotoid Gland Secretion from Peruvian Toad Rhinella horribilis (Wiegmann, 1833): Chemical Composition and Effect on the Proliferation and Migration of Lung Cancer Cells

The Parotoid Gland Secretion from Peruvian Toad Rhinella horribilis (Wiegmann, 1833): Chemical Composition and Effect on the Proliferation and Migration of Lung Cancer Cells

Toad venom bufadienolides and bufotoxins: An updated review

Colour pattern variation forms local background matching camouflage in a leaf‐mimicking toad

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About