Chemical Profile and Antimicrobial Activity of the Marine Diatom Chaetoceros muelleri

Abstract

Microalgae, due to its rapid growth, low nutritional requirements, and versatility of adaptation to different environmental conditions, has aroused the biotechnological interest, synthesizing novel molecules with antioxidant, anticoagulant, anti‐inflammatory, antitumor, and antimicrobial activities. In this sense, we carried out the bioprospection of Chaetoceros muelleri, a marine diatom employed in aquaculture, as a candidate to the development of new drugs for the treatment of bacterial infections. The chemical profile of extracts in different solvents (hexane, chloroform, methylene chloride, ethyl acetate, methanol, and acetone) were analyzed by 1H‐NMR. The hexane extract was the most active against all bacteria species tested, including Mycobacterium tuberculosis, with a minimum inhibitory concentration of 100 μg/ml. Contrarily, the methanol extract was inactive against all tested microorganisms and, in addition, was the only one with IC50 >800 μg/mL, showing no cytotoxicity in VERO cell lines. All other extracts showed antibacterial potential and IC50 values varying between 267.58 and 142.47 μg/ml. The fact that C. muelleri is a microalga easily grown on bioreactors on a large scale may promote its biotechnological use, especially as scaffolds for the development of new compounds against bacterial species of clinical and public health interest.

Screening of Microalgae for Bioactivity with Antiviral, Antibacterial, Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Cancer Assays

“…The antimicrobial activity of several groups of marine diatoms has been extensively reported [10,20,79,80]. In the present work, the extracts from all the selected diatoms (C. dichatoensis (E13), Nitzschia sp.…”

Application of 1H HR-MAS NMR-Based Metabolite Fingerprinting of Marine Microalgae

“…On the other hand, recent studies have proposed that α-linolenic acid (ALA), EPA, and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) are major bioactive compounds in different species of the genus Chaetoceros [ 46 ].…”

Study of the Antimicrobial Potential of the Arthrospira platensis, Planktothrix agardhii, Leptolyngbya cf. ectocarpi, Roholtiella mixta nov., Tetraselmis viridis, and Nanofrustulum shiloi against Gram-Positive, Gram-Negative Bacteria, and Mycobacteria

“…The bioactive molecules from cyanobacteria and microalgae are extracted using a variety of solvents, including hexane, chloroform, methylene chloride, ethyl acetate, methanol, acetone, and water [ 15 ]. In our study, the eluents used were distilled water, 1% DMSO solution, and 95% ethanol.…”

“…In vitro, Scenedesmus obliquus extract in dichloromethane enhanced the antibacterial activity of penicillin and fluoroquinolones against Staphylococcus aureus , Escherichia coli , and Salmonella typhimurium strains [ 12 ]. Chlorella vulgaris [ 13 ], Skeletonema tropicum and Chaetoceros Pseudocurvisetus [ 14 ], and Chaetoceros muelleri [ 15 ] extract have antifungal activity, as do the fatty acids (oleic, linoleic, and linolenic acids) and carotenoids (xanthin, neoxanthin, cryptoxanthin, and echinenone) in those plants. Few research studies have compared the antimicrobial effects of cyanobacteria and microalgae extracts from various taxa and habitats, whose biomass we were able to get in industrial photobioreactors, notwithstanding the studies that have been provided above.…”