Chemical Products: Safety Regulations

Abstract

The article contains sections titled: 1. Introduction 2. Definitions 3. Hazard Identification 3.1. Significance of Parameters 3.1.1. Physicochemical Properties 3.1.2. Toxicological Properties 3.1.3. Ecotoxicological Properties 3.2. Interaction of Parameters 3.2.1. Hydrosolubility 3.2.2. Liposolubility 3.2.3. Corrosion/Irritation and Oxidizing Power 3.3. Classification Schemes: The European Union System 3.3.1. Transportation 3.3.2. The EU Classification for the Marketing of Dangerous Substances 3.4. Hazard Identification of Preparations: Calculation Systems for Different Use Categories (EU Approach) 3.4.1. Classification Based on Physical and Chemical Effects 3.4.2. Classification Based on Biological Effects 3.4.3. Classification Based on Environmental Effects 4. Risk Assessment 4.1. General Methodology 4.2. Qualitative and Quantitative Aspects: Toxicological and Ecotoxicological Properties 4.2.1. Hazard Identification 4.2.2. Dose (Concentration) ‐ Response (Effect) Assessment 4.2.3. Exposure Assessment 4.2.4. Risk Characterization 4.2.5. Physicochemical Properties 4.3. Risk ‐ Benefit Considerations 4.4. Definition of Acceptable Risk 4.5. Summary of Risk Assessment 5. Risk Management 5.1. Supplying Information (Risk Communication) 5.2. Codes of Practice 5.3. Product Standards 5.4. Control of Supply 5.5. Control of Use 5.6. Voluntary Agreements 5.7. Economic Instruments: Harnessing Market Forces 5.8. Integration of Pollution Control and Chemicals Control 5.9. Monitoring Effectiveness 6. Ecolabeling 6.1. Philosophy 6.2. The EU Scheme 7. Acknowledgement

Life Cycle Assessment of Metal–Organic Frameworks: Sustainability Study of Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework-67

“…Therefore, the contribution of ammonia to the different processes accounts for the vast majority of the impact in most cases. This is significant since ammonia is still currently obtained through a process of steam reforming from natural gas . Therefore, the impacts associated with ammonia are closely related to fossil fuels, specifically natural gas exploration and extraction.…”

“…This is significant since ammonia is still currently obtained through a process of steam reforming from natural gas. 16 Therefore, the impacts associated with ammonia are closely related to fossil fuels, specifically natural gas exploration and extraction. It is important to note that although the study compared the production of 1 kg of ZIF-67 per the different routes, the ratios and quantities needed vary widely depending on the synthesis technology.…”

“…Information about scale-up and large-scale synthesis was collected to assemble the LCA model . A series of fundamental chemical reactions were assembled from the background information of each chemical precursor. , The purpose of these reactions was to collect the origin of the reactants to add them to the LCA analysis. These reactions are presented in the Supporting Information.…”