Chemical processes governing soil and water acidification

Reuss, J. O.; Cosby, B. J.; Wright, Richard F.

doi:10.1038/329027a0

Cited by 222 publications

(89 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…In absolute terms, the reduced magnitude of ANC has therefore occurred because NO 3 , Cl and Ca have all decreased in approximately the same proportion. The reduced magnitude of NO 3 peaks may reflect a reduced deposition N loading, and decreased Ca dilution may be explicable in terms of reduced base cation leaching from the soil under low and intermediate flow conditions by mobile SO 4 and NO 3 anions (Reuss et al, 1987). The reduction in Cl is more surprising, since seasalt deposition is independent of pollutant deposition, and may be a consequence of climatic fluctuations during the monitoring period.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Effects of decreasing acid deposition and climate change on acid extremes in an upland stream

Evans

Reynolds

Hinton

et al. 2008

Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.

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Abstract. This study assesses the major chemical processes leading to acid extremes in a small, moorland stream in midWales, UK, which has been monitored since 1979. Results suggest that base cation (mainly calcium) dilution, the "seasalt effect", and elevated nitrate pulses, are the major causes of seasonal/episodic minima in acid neutralising capacity (ANC), and that the relative importance of these drivers has remained approximately constant during 25 years of decreasing acid deposition and associated long-term chemical recovery. Many of the chemical variations causing short-term reductions in stream acidity, particularly base cation dilution and organic acid increases, are closely related to changes in water-flowpath and therefore to stream discharge. Changes in the observed pH-discharge relationship over time indicate that high-flow pH has increased more rapidly than meanflow pH, and therefore that episodes have decreased in magnitude since 1980. However a two-box application of the dynamic model MAGIC, whilst reproducing this trend, suggests that it will not persist in the long term, with mean ANC continuing to increase until 2100, but the ANC of the upper soil (the source of relatively acid water during high-flow episodes) stabilising close to zero beyond 2030. With climate change predicted to lead to an increase in maximum flows in the latter half of the century, high-flow related acid episodes may actually become more rather than less severe in the long term, although the model suggests that this effect may be small. Two other predicted climatic changes could also detrimentally impact on acid episodes: increased severity of winter "sea-salt" episodes due to higher wind speeds during winter storms; and larger sulphate pulses due to oxidation of reduced sulphur held in organic soils, during more extreme summer droughts. At the Gwy, the near-coastal location and relatively small extent of peat soils suggest that sea-salt episodes may have the greatest influence.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Effects of decreasing acid deposition and climate change on acid extremes in an upland stream

Evans

Reynolds

Hinton

et al. 2008

Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.

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“…The more acidic the soil (i.e., the lower the percent base saturation; %BS), the greater will be the fraction of acid cations (4,20). The second mechanism is related to the size of the pool of exchangeable base cations.…”

Section: Sulfur and Nitrogen Emissions In Europe (1880-2030)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Recovery of Acidified European Surface Waters

Wright¹,

Larssen²,

Camarero³

et al. 2005

Environ. Sci. Technol.

119

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“…This relationship reflected two general effects: (i) terrestrial export of ionic Al forms is related to soil acidity and pH of soil solutions (Reuss et al, 1987) and (ii) terrestrial export of Al o is related to DOC (Driscoll & Postek, 1996). The DOC concentrations explained 68% of variability in Al o concentrations (P < 0.001) in the Tatra lakes and the average molar Al o : DOC ratio was 0.007.…”

Section: Lake Water Chemistry In 2004mentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical composition of the Tatra Mountain lakes: Recovery from acidification

Kopáček¹,

Stuchlı́k

Hardekopf

2006

Biologia

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Ninety-one lakes distributed along the Tatra Mountains (most of lakes > 1 ha and 65% of lakes > 0.01 ha) were sampled and analysed for ionic and nutrient composition in September 2004 (15 years after reduction in acid deposition). Eighty-one lakes were in alpine zone and ten lakes in Norway spruce forest. The results were compared to similar lake surveys from 1994 (the beginning of water recovery from acidification) and 1984 (maximum acidification). Atmospheric deposition of SO + and Al concentrations occurred in the most acid lakes. On a regional basis, no significant change was observed for total phosphorus, total organic nitrogen, and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in the 1994-2004 period. However, these parameters increased in forest lakes, which exhibited an increasing trend in DOC concentrations, inversely related (P < 0.001) to their decreasing ionic strength (30% on average in [1994][1995][1996][1997][1998][1999][2000][2001][2002][2003][2004].

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Chemical processes governing soil and water acidification

Cited by 222 publications

References 32 publications

Effects of decreasing acid deposition and climate change on acid extremes in an upland stream

Effects of decreasing acid deposition and climate change on acid extremes in an upland stream

Recovery of Acidified European Surface Waters

Chemical composition of the Tatra Mountain lakes: Recovery from acidification

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