Chemical potential of carbon in the low pressure synthesis of diamond

Hwang, Nong M.; Hahn, Junhee; Yoon, Duk Yong

doi:10.1016/0022-0248(95)00548-x

Cited by 91 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…These sp 3 -bonded local structures induced by hydrogen atoms or electron irradiation in MWCNTs can promote intershell C-C bonding and have been implicated to enhance material properties of MWCNTs. 27,28 The stability of diamond nanocrystals and its size dependence has been discussed extensively in the literature; [29][30][31][32] specifically, diamond nanocrystals have been shown to be the most stable phase of carbon at the nanoscale for clusters with diameters ranging from ϳ1.9 to ϳ5.2 nm. 32 The stability of the one-dimensional equivalent nanostructures, namely, diamond nanowires, both monolithic and in the form of hollow cylinders, also has been investigated thoroughly.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[33][34][35][36][37] It has been demonstrated that the stability of these nanowires is a function of their diameter, their surface morphology, as well as the crystallographic direction of their principal axes. The above-mentioned studies refer to isolated nanocrystals [29][30][31][32] or practically infinitely long diamond nanowires. [33][34][35][36][37] Here, we focus on the formation of diamond nanostructures consisting of diamond nanocrystals embedded into MWCNTs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Analysis of diamond nanocrystal formation from multiwalled carbon nanotubes

et al. 2009

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A systematic analysis is presented of the nanocrystalline structures generated due to the intershell C-C bonding between adjacent concentric graphene walls of multiwalled carbon nanotubes ͑MWCNTs͒. The analysis combines a comprehensive exploration of the entire parameter space determined by the geometrical characteristics of the individual graphene walls comprising the MWCNT with first-principles density-functional theory calculations of intershell C-C bonding and structural relaxation by molecular-dynamics simulation of the resulting nanocrystalline structures. We find that these structures can provide seeds for the nucleation of the cubic-diamond and hexagonal-diamond phase in the form of nanocrystals embedded in the MWCNTs. The resulting lattice structure is determined by the chirality and relative alignment of adjacent graphene walls in the MWCNT. These crystalline phases are formed over the broadest range of nanotube diameters and for any possible combination of zigzag, armchair, or chiral configurations of graphene walls. The key parameter that determines the size of the generated nanocrystals is the chiral-angle difference between adjacent graphene walls in the MWCNT.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of diamond nanocrystal formation from multiwalled carbon nanotubes

et al. 2009

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“…For instance, for heterogeneous nucleation of CVD diamond, surface relaxation of diamond grains could affect nucleation barrier energy [6]. On the other hand, nucleation behavior of CVD diamond is also originally involved in physical thermodynamic process [3,[7][8][9]. In theoretically, thermodynamic nucleation has been validly employed to deal with diamond formation on nondiamond substrate upon CVD [7][8][9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Nucleation stability of diamond nanowires inside carbon nanotubes: A thermodynamic approach

Liu

Wang

et al. 2004

Carbon

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“…Based on experimental and theoretical analyses of CVD diamond films, Hwang et al [1][2][3] suggested the charge cluster model (CCM), where the diamond films grow not by the atomic unit but by the cluster unit. In the model, nanometersized charged clusters form spontaneously in the gas phase and become the major flux for film growth.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of the substrate temperatures on the epitaxial rearrangement of the deposited Au nanoclusters

Lee

Hwang

et al. 2002

Met. Mater. Int.

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As the existence of charged clusters in the gas phase, which were predicted by the charged cluster model, has been confirmed for many thin film processes, it becomes important to understand the deposition dynamics of the clusters. In this study, deposition behaviors of the cluster of 1985 Au atoms on the (100) gold surface were studied at the deposition temperatures of 300, 700 and 1000 K by molecular dynamics (MD) simulation using the embedded atom method (EAM) potential. After 320 picoseconds of cluster landing on the surface at 300 and 700 K, only a part of the cluster rearranged into the epitaxial orientation with the substrate with the rest of the cluster making a grain boundary at 300 K and a twin at 700 K. At 1000 K, however, the cluster fully underwent epitaxial recrystallization. These results imply that the high rate of epitaxial deposition by clusters of a few nanometers is possible as long as the substrate temperature is sufficiently high as was previously suggested in the charged cluster model.

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Chemical potential of carbon in the low pressure synthesis of diamond

Cited by 91 publications

References 28 publications

Analysis of diamond nanocrystal formation from multiwalled carbon nanotubes

Analysis of diamond nanocrystal formation from multiwalled carbon nanotubes

Nucleation stability of diamond nanowires inside carbon nanotubes: A thermodynamic approach

Effect of the substrate temperatures on the epitaxial rearrangement of the deposited Au nanoclusters

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