Chemical oxygen demand fate from cottage cheese (acid) whey applied to a sodic soil

Jones, Scott B.; Hansen, Conly L.; Robbins, C. W.

doi:10.1080/15324989309381336

Cited by 10 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…These methods, however, should be used carefully to represent microbial and residual substrate concentrations if the wastewater contains a fraction of suspended organic materials because VSS and COD tests can not differentiate between microbial cells and suspended organic particles in the wastewater. These include agricultural, domestic, and food processing wastewaters (Borup and Ashcroft, 1991;Jones et al, 1993;McComis and Litchfield, 1989;Miron et al, 2000;Speece, 1996;Walsh et al, 1991). Many microorganisms hydrolyze or solubilize a variety of suspended organics in such wastewaters and transport the hydrolyzates across the cell membrane to get necessary carbon and energy sources (Atlas, 1997).…”

Section: Difficulties In Biokinetic Study Using Highly Suspended Orgamentioning

confidence: 99%

Biokinetics in acidogenesis of highly suspended organic wastewater by adenosine 5′ triphosphate analysis

Hansen

Hwang

2002

Biotech & Bioengineering

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In this paper, we pointed out the problems of using conventional volatile suspended solids (VSS) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) to evaluate biokinetic coefficients, especially for the treatment of highly suspended organic wastewater. We also introduced a novel approach to evaluate biokinetic coefficients by measurement of adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) of microorganisms. The concept of using ATP analysis in biokinetic evaluations with highly suspended wastewater was shown to be effective. This study also showed that the conventional VSS and COD methods were strongly affected by incoming suspended organics in the wastewater and by biokinetics of microorganisms. A cheese-processing wastewater was used in evaluating the biokinetics of mesophilic acidogens. The concentration of COD and total suspended solids in the wastewater was 63.3 g/L and 12.4 g/L, respectively. The TSS was 23.6% of total solids concentration. A high ratio of VSS to total suspended solids of 96.7% indicated that most of the suspended particles were organic materials. Lactose and protein were the major organic components contributing COD in the wastewater, and a total of 94.2% of the COD in the wastewater was due to the presence of lactose and protein. Two different physiological conditions where the maximum rates of acetate and butyrate production occurred were tested. These were pH 7 (condition A for acetate production) and pH 7.3 (condition B for butyrate production) at 36.2C, respectively. Based on the molecular structures of the major organic substances and microbial ATP analysis, the residual substrate and microbial concentrations were stoichiometrically converted to substrate COD (SuCOD) and microbial VSS (MVSS), respectively, using correlation coefficients reported previously. These SuCOD and MVSS were simultaneously used to evaluate the biokinetic coefficients using Monod-based mathematical equations. The nonlinear least squares method with 95% confidence interval was used to evaluate biokinetic coefficients. The maximum microbial growth rate, mu(max) and half saturation coefficient, K(s), for conditions A and B were determined to be 9.9 +/- 0.3 and 9.3 +/- 1.0 day(-1) and 134.0 +/- 58.3 and 482.5 +/- 156.5 mg SuCOD/L, respectively. The microbial yield coefficient, Y, and microbial decay rate coefficient, k(d) for conditions A and B were determined to be 0.29 +/- 0.03 and 0.20 +/- 0.05 mg MVSS/mg SuCOD, and 0.14 +/- 0.05 and 0.25 +/- 0.05 day(-1), respectively. Specific substrate utilization rate at condition B was 43.8 +/- 20.6 mg SuCOD/mg MVSS/day, which was 31% higher than that at condition A.

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Section: Difficulties In Biokinetic Study Using Highly Suspended Orgamentioning

confidence: 99%

Biokinetics in acidogenesis of highly suspended organic wastewater by adenosine 5′ triphosphate analysis

Hansen

Hwang

2002

Biotech & Bioengineering

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“…The acid whey used in Study One came from a cottage cheese plant and two samples were taken for chemical analysis (Jones et al, 1993a). The whey used in Studies Two and Three came from a plant that produces creamed and mozzarella cheeses (Robbins et al, 1996).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phosphorus Status of Calcareous and Sodic Soils Treated With Cheese Whey

Robbins¹,

Hansen²,

Roginske³

et al. 1997

Transactions of the ASAE

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“…The average whey SAR for the first year was 12 and dropped to 7 the second year. Whey SAR was calculated on the total cation analysis since whey rapidly decomposes in the soil (Jones et al, 1993a).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Aggregate stability and infiltration rates were increased when whey was applied to acid (Kelling and Peterson, 1981;Watson et al , 1977), calcareous (Lehrsch et al, 1994) and sodic (Jones et al, 1993a) soils. Acid whey from cottage cheese manufactured using phosphoric acid (acid whey) was shown to be beneficial in reclaiming unproductive sodic soils by lowering the soil pH, exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP), and sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), without increasing the soluble salt levels (Jones et al, 1993b;Robbins and Lehrsch, 1992).…”

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confidence: 99%

Extractable Potassium and Soluble Calcium, Magnesium, Sodium, and Potassium in Two Whey‐Treated Calcareous Soils

Robbins

Hansen²,

Roginske

et al. 1996

J of Env Quality

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Cheese whey contains 1.0 to 1.4 g K kg−1 and 5.0 to 10.0 g total salts kg−1 (electrical conductivity [EC] of 7 to 15 dS m−1) and has a pH of 3.3 to 4.6. Much of the 38 × 109 L of whey produced in the USA each year is applied to soils. Whey application effect on the K and salinity status of irrigated calcareous soils has not been documented. Objectives of this study were to measure soil pH, sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), saturation paste extract (ECe), and extractable Ca, Mg, Na, and K changes due to whey application to irrigated calcareous soils at different whey rates and different times of the year. Whey was applied to two calcareous Portneuf silt loam (coarse‐silty, mixed, mesic, Durixerollic Calciorthids) soils and a calcareous Nibley silty clay loam (fine, mixes, mesic Aquic Argiustolls) soil at rates up to 2200 m3 ha−1. These treatments added up to 1050 kg Ca, 200 kg Mg, 790 kg Na, and 2200 kg K ha−1 during winter‐time, growing season, or year‐round whey application. Soil bicarbonate‐extractable K increased to more than 500 mg K kg−1 in the surface 0.3 m at the highest whey rates and may induce grass tetany in livestock grazed on high whey‐treated pastures. Soil K did not increase below 0.6 m in any treatment. Soil pH and SAR were not affected sufficiently to be of concern under these conditions. The ECe increased to nearly 2.0 dS m−1 in the surface 0.3 m under the highest whey rates and would likely affect salt‐sensitive crop yields. After a 1‐yr whey application rest period under irrigated alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), the ECe levels returned to background levels.

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Chemical oxygen demand fate from cottage cheese (acid) whey applied to a sodic soil

Cited by 10 publications

References 11 publications

Biokinetics in acidogenesis of highly suspended organic wastewater by adenosine 5′ triphosphate analysis

Biokinetics in acidogenesis of highly suspended organic wastewater by adenosine 5′ triphosphate analysis

Phosphorus Status of Calcareous and Sodic Soils Treated With Cheese Whey

Extractable Potassium and Soluble Calcium, Magnesium, Sodium, and Potassium in Two Whey‐Treated Calcareous Soils

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