Chemical Oxidation of Dissolved Organic Matter by Chlorine Dioxide, Chlorine, And Ozone: Effects on Its Optical and Antioxidant Properties

Wenk, Jannis; Aeschbacher, Michael; Salhi, Elisabeth; Canonica, Silvio; Gunten, Urs von; Sander, Michael

doi:10.1021/es402516b

Cited by 263 publications

(216 citation statements)

References 70 publications

(164 reference statements)

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“…The musty odor could be completely removed through ozonation and BAC treatment, while the septic odor could still be detected in the effluent of BAC. The septic odor disappeared in the final treated water, perhaps through the biological effect of sand filtration and oxidation effect of chlorination (Zoeteman et al, 1980;Cho et al, 1991;Lin et al, 2002;Wenk et al, 2013). In this WTP, pre-chlorination was not adopted.…”

Section: Mitigation Of the Septic And Musty Odorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simultaneous removal of multiple odorants from source water suffering from septic and musty odors: Verification in a full-scale water treatment plant with ozonation

Guo

Yang

et al. 2016

Water Research

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a b s t r a c tOzonation is known to be very effective in the removal of odorants from source water. However, it is not known if ozonation is effective in the removal of multiple odorants causing different types of odors. In this study, the removal performance for odors and odorants were evaluated in a Water Treatment Plant (WTP), which was equipped with coagulation, sedimentation, ozonation, biological activated carbon (BAC) filtration, sand filtration, and chlorination in succession and located in the downstream of the Huangpu (HP) River, over the period from April, 2014 to April, 2015. Flavor profile analysis (FPA) results showed that the source water was constantly associated with septic and musty odors. Geosmin and 2-MIB, with an average OAV of 4.54 and 1.38, respectively, were the major odorants for musty odor, while bis(2-chloroisopropyl) ether, DEDS and DMDS with an average OAV of 2.35, 1.65 and 0.78, respectively, might be responsible for the septic odor. While the musty odor could be removed effectively through the combination of ozonation and BAC, the septic odor and associated odorants required further treatment with sand filtration and chlorination for complete removal. It is clear that the advanced treatment process was effective for the treatment of source water containing complicated odorants. It should be noted that the sedimentation process needs careful management because release of odorants may occur during the treatment. The result of this study will be helpful for the mitigation of odors in WTP using source waters suffering from complicated odor problems.

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Section: Mitigation Of the Septic And Musty Odorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simultaneous removal of multiple odorants from source water suffering from septic and musty odors: Verification in a full-scale water treatment plant with ozonation

Guo

Yang

et al. 2016

Water Research

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“…Ozonation can significantly alter the structure and reactivity of natural organic 59 matter (NOM) (Wenk et al 2013) resulting in the formation of a mixture of compounds with lower 60 molecular weight and aromaticity, and higher carboxylic acid functionality (Carlson and Amy 1998, 61 Urfer et al 1997). This oxidative treatment increases the assimilable organic carbon (AOC) content 62 (Hammes et al 2006, Ramseier et al 2011) which is of great concern for water utilities because of 63 increased bacterial regrowth potential in distribution systems.…”

Section: Introduction 56mentioning

confidence: 99%

Biodegradability of DBP precursors after drinking water ozonation

et al. 2016

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25Ozonation is known to generate biodegradable organic matter, which is typically reduced by 26 biological filtration to avoid bacterial regrowth in distribution systems. Post-chlorination generates 27 halogenated disinfection byproducts (DBPs) but little is known about the biodegradability of their 28precursors. This study determined the effect of ozonation and biofiltration conditions, specifically 29 ozone exposure and empty bed contact time (EBCT), on the control of DBP formation potentials in 30 drinking water. Ozone exposure was varied through addition of H 2 O 2 during ozonation at 1 31 mgO 3 /mgDOC followed by biological filtration using either activated carbon (BAC) or anthracite. during BAC filtration at different EBCTs followed first-order reaction kinetics. Minimum steady-42 state concentrations were attained at an EBCT of about 10 -20 min, depending on the DBP species. 43The rate of reduction in DBP formation potentials varied among individual species before reaching 44 their minimum concentrations. CH, HK2, and THNM2 had the highest rate constants of between 45 0.5 and 0.6 min -1 followed by HAN4 (0.4 min -1 ), THM4 (0.3 min -1 ), HAA8 (0.2 min -1 ), and AOX 46 (0.1 min -1 ). At an EBCT of 15 min, the reduction in formation potential for most DBPs was less 47 than 50% but was higher than 70% for CH, HK2, and THNM2. The formation of bromine-48 containing DBPs increased with increasing EBCT, most likely due to an increase in Br -/DOC ratio.

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“…In Chapter 5, it was demonstrated that DBP precursor removal can even be enhanced using high ozone exposure conditions. During this oxidative treatment, ozone can significantly alter the structure and reactivity of natural organic matter (NOM) (Wenk et al 2013) resulting in the formation of a mixture of compounds with lower molecular weight and aromaticity, and higher carboxylic acid functionality (Carlson andAmy 1998, Urfer et al 1997). This treatment then increases the assimilable organic carbon (AOC) content (Hammes et al 2006, Ramseier et al 2011) which is of great concern for water utilities because of increased bacterial regrowth potential in distribution systems.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Unlike allochthonous organic matter, this type of NOM has higher nitrogen content because of the presence of more aliphatic nitrogen groups (Boyer et al 2008). To represent these types of NOM, many laboratory studies used NOM standards isolated from Suwannee River and Pony Lake corresponding to those with allochthonous and autochthonous origin, respectively (Aeschbacher et al 2012, IHSS 2016, Wenk et al 2013.…”

Section: Natural Organic Matter (Nom)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…THMs = trihalomethanes, HAAs = haloacetic acids, CH = chloral hydrate, HK = haloketones, HANs = haloacetonitriles, TCAM = trichloroacetamide, THNM = trihalonitromethanes. Reactions were based on the following references: Deborde and von Gunten (2008), Hubner et al (2015), McCurry et al (2016), Wenk et al (2013), von Gunten (2009), von Sonntag and.…”

Section: Size Exclusion Chromatography (Sec)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Reducing disinfection byproduct formation potential using ozonation and biological drinking water treatment

Vera¹,

Andrew²

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The occurrence of natural organic matter (NOM) in source waters presents a concern in water treatment plants due to formation of toxic disinfection byproducts (DBPs). In this doctoral thesis, the fate of NOM during ozonation, biofiltration, and chlorination was investigated to identify important aspects in these processes that can be manipulated for better DBP control. Specifically, this thesis studied (1) reaction mechanisms of ozone with dissolved organic nitrogen (DON), an important fraction of NOM that forms nitrogenous DBPs, (2) role of ozone and• OH-mediated attack on NOM and DBP formation during chlorination, and (3) impact of ozonation on biodegradability of DBP precursors.The reaction of ozone with DON (Chapter 4) was observed to produce various transformation products including nitrate (NO 3 -) and ammonium (NH 4 + residual after 24 h = 1 -2 mg/L) as follows: THM4 (37%), HAA8 (44%), CH (107%), HK2 (97%), HAN4 (33%), trichloroacetamide (TCAM, 43%), and AOX (27%), but a decrease in concentrations of THNM2 (43%). Coupling ozonation with biofiltration prior to chlorination effectively lowered the formation potentials of all DBPs including CH, HK2, and THNM2, all of which increased after ozonation. The dynamics of DBP formation potentials during BAC filtration at different EBCTs followed first-order reaction kinetics. Minimum steady-state concentrations were attained at an EBCT of 10 -20 min, depending on the DBP species. The rate of reduction in DBP formation potentials varied among individual species before reaching their minimum concentrations. CH, HK2, and THNM2 had the highest rate constants of between 0.5 and 0.6 min -1 followed by HAN4 (0.4 min -1 ), THM4 (0.3 min -1 ), HAA8 (0.2 min -1 ), and AOX (0.1 min -1 ). Relative to concentrations after ozonation, the reduction in formation potential for most DBPs (e.g., at 15 min EBCT) was less than 50% but was higher than 70% for CH, HK2, and THNM2. The formation of bromine-containing DBPs increased with increasing EBCT likely due to an increase in Br -/DOC ratio.-iv- Dr. Wolfgang Gernjak co-advised me during my PhD candidature and played an integral part in all the chapters of this thesis. He was involved in the initial conceptual thinking, to developing research ideas, identifying appropriate experimental design, and interpreting research data. He also provided critical reviews in all the manuscripts. Declaration by authorDr. Maria José Farré, who was my principal advisor in 2013, is recognized for sharing her expertise in disinfection byproduct research (i.e., from laboratory techniques, instrumentation, and theory). Our regular exchange of viewpoints were essential in the conception of research ideas and approaches related to DBPs. She was also highly involved in the writing and review of manuscripts.Prof. Urs von Gunten, who is a world-leading expert in application of ozone for water treatment, was my host professor during my research visit at École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)where I performed the bulk of the experiments repor...

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Chemical Oxidation of Dissolved Organic Matter by Chlorine Dioxide, Chlorine, And Ozone: Effects on Its Optical and Antioxidant Properties

Cited by 263 publications

References 70 publications

Simultaneous removal of multiple odorants from source water suffering from septic and musty odors: Verification in a full-scale water treatment plant with ozonation

Simultaneous removal of multiple odorants from source water suffering from septic and musty odors: Verification in a full-scale water treatment plant with ozonation

Biodegradability of DBP precursors after drinking water ozonation

Reducing disinfection byproduct formation potential using ozonation and biological drinking water treatment

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