Chemical Organization of the Cell Wall Polysaccharide Core of Malassezia restricta

Stalhberger, Thomas; Simenel, Catherine; Clavaud, Cécile; Eijsink, Vincent G. H.; Jourdain, Roland; Delepierre, Muriel; Latgé, Jean‐Paul; Breton, Lionel; Fontaine, Thierry

doi:10.1074/jbc.m113.547034

Cited by 64 publications

(69 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…The present data confirm that dandruff condition is associated with a higher incidence of one particular Malassezia species and with disequilibrium between the fungal and bacterial populations on the scalp as compared to normals. Under steady state conditions, M. restricta is a commensal yeast that evades local immune responses, possibly due to its unique cell wall composition . The same species is associated with pathological skin conditions (s6) when it is present as a different genotype in association with bacterial cross‐interactions (s7) and host factor modifications (,s8,s9).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of the major bacterial–fungal populations colonizing dandruff scalps in Shanghai, China, shows microbial disequilibrium

Wang

Clavaud

Bar-Hen

et al. 2015

Experimental Dermatology

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Additional supporting data may be found in the supplementary information of this article.Data S1. Methods. Table S1. Population study and RCM features of melanoma subtypes. Table S2. Absolute and relative frequencies of melanoma subtypes and biomarker staining. HIF-1a (a) and CD271 (b) expression was evaluated in the three types of malanomas, as selected by RCM. Abstract: Dandruff is a scalp disorder characterized by the formation of flaky white-yellowish scales due to an altered proliferation and differentiation status; a disrupted barrier function; a decrease in the level of hydration and of natural moisturizing factors (NMF) in the scalp, with a persistent and relapsing inflammatory condition. It was recently reported that an imbalance between bacterial and fungal species colonizing the scalp of French volunteers was associated with dandruff condition. The purpose of the present study was to analyze the major bacterial and fungal species present on the scalp surface of Chinese volunteers and to investigate possible region-related variation in the microbiota linked to dandruff condition. The data obtained from the Chinese populations were highly similar to those obtained in France, confirming that dandruff scalps are associated with a higher incidence of Malassezia restricta and Staphylococcal sp. The ratios of Malassezia to Propionibacterium and Propionibacterium to Staphylococcus were also significantly higher in the dandruff volunteers as compared to normal volunteers, suggesting that equilibrium between the major bacterial and fungal taxa found on the normal scalps is perturbed in the dandruff scalps. The main difference between the French and Shanghai subjects was in their Staphylococcal biota. The results obtained in China and in France suggest that targeting one particular Malassezia sp. by antifungals instead of using large spectrum antifungals and rebalancing the dandruff scalp microbiota could be common approach to improve dandruff condition in the two countries.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of the major bacterial–fungal populations colonizing dandruff scalps in Shanghai, China, shows microbial disequilibrium

Wang

Clavaud

Bar-Hen

et al. 2015

Experimental Dermatology

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“…Despite the ability of low concentrations of SDS to inhibit Malassezia and Staphylococcus growth in vitro , it is unclear if this translates into a growth inhibition effect in vivo or if the microbes are simply being washed away. Variable efficacies on different microbe species may also be associated with differences in cell wall composition , microscopic distribution of antifungal agents on the scalp and different mechanisms of antifungal penetration . To address these issues of efficacy and inter‐individual variability, more longitudinal clinical trials need to be performed which quantify the fungal and bacterial load before and after shampoo treatment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vitro efficacy of antifungal agents alone and in shampoo formulation against dandruff‐associated Malassezia spp. and Staphylococcus spp.

Leong

Schmid

Buttafuoco

et al. 2019

Intern J of Cosmetic Sci

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Objective Dandruff is a complex skin condition characterized by unpleasant itching and flaking of the scalp. It is primarily attributed to the over colonization of Malassezia yeasts such as Malassezia globosa and Malassezia restricta. Some studies also suggest the involvement of staphylococci bacteria in dandruff disease pathogenesis. We aimed to access the effectiveness of anti‐dandruff treatments by determining the efficacy of the active antifungal agents alone or in commercial shampoo formulations against Malassezia and Staphylococcus. Methods The minimum inhibitory concentrations of three anti‐dandruff shampoo antifungals (zinc pyrithione, ketoconazole and ciclopirox) and the witch hazel extract, hamamelitannin were tested against commensal Malassezia and Staphylococcus species using broth microdilution methods. In experiments simulating shampoo exposure and washing conditions on the scalp, we also tested the ability of the above agents in shampoo formulation (Head and Shoulders® (H&S), Ketomed®, Sebiprox®, Erol Healthcare Hair Shampoo® respectively) along with a generic over‐the‐shelf shampoo to inhibit microbial growth. Results Ketomed® and H&S shampoo were the most effective treatments against Malassezia in in vitro assays and washing simulation experiments. Erol Healthcare Hair Shampoo® was less effective against Malassezia as it required a longer contact time to achieve growth inhibition for some species. Sebiprox® showed variable efficacy in washing and contact time experiments whereas the generic over‐the‐shelf shampoo was the least effective in inhibiting Malassezia and Staphylococcus growth. Conclusion From these findings, it is reasonable that patients with dandruff may benefit from applying specific antifungal shampoo although results may vary with microbial species, time of contact and shampoo formulation components.

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“…Sebum fuels a resident lipophilic skin flora (bacteria and yeasts), usually referred as a triad, mainly comprising Propionibacteria, Staphylococci and Malassezia spp. [3,9,10]. Its rather stable colonization reaches high levels in oily skin sites (10 4 to 10 7 cm À2 ).…”

Section: Sebum Squalene and Skin Floramentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[3,9,10]. Its rather stable colonization reaches high levels in oily skin sites (10 4 to 10 7 cm À2 ).…”

Section: Sebum Squalene and Skin Floramentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxidization of squalene, a human skin lipid: a new and reliable marker of environmental pollution studies

Pham

Boussouira

Moyal

et al. 2015

Intern J of Cosmetic Sci

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Synopsis A review of the oxidization of squalene, a specific human compound produced by the sebaceous gland, is proposed. Such chemical transformation induces important consequences at various levels. Squalene by‐products, mostly under peroxidized forms, lead to comedogenesis, contribute to the development of inflammatory acne and possibly modify the skin relief (wrinkling). Experimental conditions of oxidation and/or photo‐oxidation mechanisms are exposed, suggesting that they could possibly be bio‐markers of atmospheric pollution upon skin. Ozone, long UVA rays, cigarette smoke… are shown powerful oxidizing agents of squalene. Some in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo testings are proposed as examples, aiming at studying ingredients or products capable of boosting or counteracting such chemical changes that, globally, bring adverse effects to various cutaneous compartments.

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Chemical Organization of the Cell Wall Polysaccharide Core of Malassezia restricta

Cited by 64 publications

References 62 publications

Characterization of the major bacterial–fungal populations colonizing dandruff scalps in Shanghai, China, shows microbial disequilibrium

Characterization of the major bacterial–fungal populations colonizing dandruff scalps in Shanghai, China, shows microbial disequilibrium

In vitro efficacy of antifungal agents alone and in shampoo formulation against dandruff‐associated Malassezia spp. and Staphylococcus spp.

Oxidization of squalene, a human skin lipid: a new and reliable marker of environmental pollution studies

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