Chemical Mutagenesis in the Silkworm

Tazima, Y.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4613-3072-1_8

Cited by 16 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Yellow and pinkish colors are produced from carotenoids (4,7), and green colors are the products of flavonoids (8,9). Inheritance for the carotenoid cocoon has been well established and basically follows a classical Mendelian pattern (2,3,5,7). However, the inheritance pattern for the flavonoid cocoon is much more complicated and largely unknown (5).…”

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“…Inheritance for the carotenoid cocoon has been well established and basically follows a classical Mendelian pattern (2,3,5,7). However, the inheritance pattern for the flavonoid cocoon is much more complicated and largely unknown (5). This is mainly because the metabolic processing of flavonoids absorbed from diets is much more complex than that of carotenoids.…”

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“…In fact, green cocoons of some silkworm varieties contain more than 30 kinds of flavonoids that are not present in their diet (8)(9)(10)(11)(12), whereas the main constituents of yellow and pinkish cocoons are lutein and β-carotene (5, 7), respectively, both of which are original components in mulberry leaves. In addition, green cocoon is usually observed as a quantitative trait (i.e., continuous color variations ranging from pale or light green to deep or yellowish green), modified variously by environmental conditions, and governed by many loci (2,3,5). Extensive efforts to characterize and map the responsible genes have been carried out since the early 20th century, and at least seven and perhaps more than 10 independent loci are suggested to associate with the green cocoon trait (2,3,5).…”

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“…In addition, green cocoon is usually observed as a quantitative trait (i.e., continuous color variations ranging from pale or light green to deep or yellowish green), modified variously by environmental conditions, and governed by many loci (2,3,5). Extensive efforts to characterize and map the responsible genes have been carried out since the early 20th century, and at least seven and perhaps more than 10 independent loci are suggested to associate with the green cocoon trait (2,3,5). These include Ga (Green a; locus unknown) (13), Gb (Green b; 7-7.0) (13), Gc (Green c; 15-?…”

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The silkworm Green b locus encodes a quercetin 5- O -glucosyltransferase that produces green cocoons with UV-shielding properties

Daimon

Hirayama

Kanai

et al. 2010

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

105

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In the silkworm Bombyx mori, dietary flavonoids are metabolized and accumulate in cocoons, thereby causing green coloration. Classical genetic studies suggest that more than seven independent loci are associated with this trait; however, because of the complex inheritance pattern, none of these loci have been characterized molecularly, and a plausible and comprehensive model for their action has not been proposed. Here, we report the identification of the gene responsible for the Green b (Gb) locus involving the green cocoon trait. In + Gb animals, glucosylation at the 5-O position of dietary quercetin did not occur, and the total amount of flavonoids in tissues and cocoons was dramatically reduced. We performed positional cloning of Gb and found a 38-kb deletion in a UDP-glucosyltransferase (UGT) gene cluster associated with the + Gb allele. RT-PCR and biochemical studies suggested that deletion of Bm-UGT10286 (UGT) is responsible for Gb and Bm-UGT10286 is virtually the sole source of UGT activity toward the 5-O position of quercetin. Our data show that the regiospecific glucosylation of flavonoids by the quercetin 5-O-glucosyltransferase can greatly affect the overall bioavailability of flavonoids in animals. Furthermore, we provide evidence that flavonoids increase the UV-shielding activity of cocoons and thus could confer an increased survival advantage to insects contained in these cocoons. This study will lead to greater understanding of mechanisms for metabolism, uptake, and transport of dietary flavonoids, which have a variety of biological activities in animals and beneficial effects on human health.

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The silkworm Green b locus encodes a quercetin 5- O -glucosyltransferase that produces green cocoons with UV-shielding properties

Daimon

Hirayama

Kanai

et al. 2010

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

105

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“…Genetic linkage analysis of silkworm has evolved since the first identification of visible mutations, and now employs molecular markers. The earliest report of linkage can be traced back to the beginning of the 20th century (8,9). Up to now, Ͼ200 visible and biochemical mutations have been placed onto a chromosomal linkage map with 28 established linkage groups (ELGs, equivalent to chromosomes; refs.…”

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Simple sequence repeat-based consensus linkage map of Bombyx mori

Xing

Xub

et al. 2005

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

109

119

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We established a genetic linkage map employing 518 simple sequence repeat (SSR, or microsatellite) markers for Bombyx mori (silkworm), the economically and culturally important lepidopteran insect, as part of an international genomics program. A survey of six representative silkworm strains using 2,500 (CA)nand (CT)n-based SSR markers revealed 17-24% polymorphism, indicating a high degree of homozygosity resulting from a long history of inbreeding. Twenty-nine SSR linkage groups were established in well characterized Dazao and C108 strains based on genotyping of 189 backcross progeny derived from an F1 male mated with a C108 female. The clustering was further focused to 28 groups by genotyping 22 backcross progeny derived from an F1 female mated with a C108 male. This set of SSR linkage groups was further assigned to the 28 chromosomes (established linkage groups) of silkworm aided by visible mutations and cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence markers developed from previously mapped genes, cDNA sequences, and cloned random amplified polymorphic DNAs. By integrating a visible mutation p (plain, larval marking) and 29 well conserved genes of insects onto this SSRbased linkage map, a second generation consensus silkworm genetic map with a range of 7-40 markers per linkage group and a total map length of Ϸ3431.9 cM was constructed and its high efficiency for genotyping and potential application for synteny studies of Lepidoptera and other insects was demonstrated.silkworm ͉ microsatellite

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Silkworm Genetics and Chemical Mutagenesis

Tazima

1984

Mutation, Cancer, and Malformation

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Chemical Mutagenesis in the Silkworm

Cited by 16 publications

References 25 publications

The silkworm Green b locus encodes a quercetin 5- O -glucosyltransferase that produces green cocoons with UV-shielding properties

The silkworm Green b locus encodes a quercetin 5- O -glucosyltransferase that produces green cocoons with UV-shielding properties

Simple sequence repeat-based consensus linkage map of Bombyx mori

Silkworm Genetics and Chemical Mutagenesis

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