Chemical modifications of liquid natural rubber

Azhar, Nur Hanis Adila; Rasid, Hamizah Md; Yusoff, Siti Fairus Mohd

doi:10.1063/1.4966762

Cited by 13 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…33 In the spectrum of the ENR, new peaks appeared at 1250 cm À1 and 868 cm À1 correspond to the symmetric and asymmetric stretching vibrations of the epoxy ring. 34 It is also clearly seen that the peak of the = C-H group at 841 cm À1 decreases in intensity. This result proves that some C = C double bonds were converted to epoxy rings as intended, and the ENR structure was successfully formed.…”

Section: Atr-ftirmentioning

confidence: 89%

Enhanced strength and toughness of polylactic acid by blending with modified natural rubber having acetate pendant group

Ozbay

Gumus

2023

Journal of Elastomers & Plastics

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Among biobased and biodegradable polymers, polylactic acid (PLA) is most widely used one. However, its poor mechanical properties need to be enhanced. In this study, PLA blend film with improved mechanical properties were developed without compromising any bio-content. For this, natural rubber derivative with acetate pendant group (ANR) and PLA blend films were prepared. First, natural rubber was epoxidized, and then partial acetylation was achieved by the ring-opening reaction of the epoxy groups. The epoxidation and the acetylation were examined by FTIR analysis. 1H-NMR spectrum revealed a 29% epoxidation and 8.25% acetylation degree. The Tg of natural rubber (−66°C) increased to −41°C and −31°C after epoxidation and acetylation, respectively. The compatibility of ENR and ANR with PLA was evident from the DSC results and Molau test. The morphology of PLA blend film containing 25 wt% of ANR (ANR25) was observed as well-dispersed fine droplets by SEM images. The tensile strength, elastic modulus, and yield strength of ANR25 were measured as 11.6 MPa, 397.3 MPa, and 6.9 MPa, respectively. These values are considerably higher than neat PLA film. Compared to reported studies on PLA toughening so far, increments in both the strength and elongation of ANR25 were observed by tensile tests. Moreover, highest toughness among all samples was determined as 18.8 MJm−3 for ANR25, which is 1.8 times higher than neat PLA. Thus, a strong and tough bio-based PLA blend was developed for film application such as packaging and sheeting.

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Section: Atr-ftirmentioning

confidence: 89%

Enhanced strength and toughness of polylactic acid by blending with modified natural rubber having acetate pendant group

Ozbay

Gumus

2023

Journal of Elastomers & Plastics

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“…Modification of NR also may be carried out with LNR. [6,24] LNR may be epoxidized, followed by hydrogenation to form LENR and LENR-OH. Epoxy content of LENR may be very high -till 98%; epoxy group may further hydrolyze and open ring to form diol and carbonyl groups.…”

Section: Epoxidation Of Nrmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review: Natural rubber – Improvement of properties

Dieu,

Chuong,

Hung

et al. 2023

Vietnam Journal of Chemistry

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Natural rubber (NR) is valuable material of natural origination with growing demand worldwide. Thus, the methods for NR property improvement are continuously developed. The article will be focused on methods of chemical modification of NR and the use of improved traditional fillers such as carbon black (CB) and silica. Modification reactions include epoxidation, hydrogenation, and grafting vinyl monomers onto NR molecules. Some methods of surface modification of NR film were also reviewed. Thanks to modification the NR degree of unsaturatiton is decrease that leads to its enhanced aging resistance. Besides, grafted functional groups may impart new, never met before properties to NR. Application of modified traditional fillers obviously increase their reinforcement possibility, particularly mechanical. Also, cellulose as a potential reinforcing filler is considered due to its ability to meet requirement of environment protection while keep the mechanical properties of NR products at acceptable high level.

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“…The procedure employed by Azhar et al [17] was utilised to produce liquid natural rubber (LNR) without any modifications. For the synthesis of rubber-based hydrogels, 4 g of maleic anhydride (MaH) in 20 mL toluene and 0.3 g of free radical initiator benzoyl peroxide (BPO) in 20 mL toluene were added into 6 g of LNR solution to produce maleated LNR.…”

Section: Synthesis Of Rubber-based Hydrogelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adsorption of Cu²⁺ Ions using Rubber-Based Hydrogel

Jamaluddin,

Mohd Ghazi,

Nik Yusoff

et al. 2023

BIO Web Conf.

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Hydrogels are one of the most powerful adsorbents for removing heavy metal ions among all adsorbents. However, most of today's hydrogels are synthetic polymers with high costs, non-environmentally friendly, and have low stability. Therefore, in this study, natural rubber (NR) was used as the basic material for hydrogels due to its high mechanical properties, plasticity or viscosity, elasticity, and tensile strength. This study is focusing on the Cu adsorption method using a rubber-based hydrogel that is prepared with a combination of acrylic acid (AA) and methylenebisacrylamide (MBA). The rubber-based hydrogel was immersed in the synthetic Cu wastewater, and the percentage removal was calculated. Cu initial concentration, contact time, and rotation speed were the three independent variables used for optimization using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). With an initial Cu concentration of 47.66 mg/L, a contact time of 10 hours, and a rotation speed of 91.32 rpm, RSM optimization shows that the best conditions for Cu removal are 72.19%. The SEM-EDX micrograph of the hydrogel before adsorption shows numerous pores, but after adsorption it is smoother and has fewer holes. This study will contribute to the development of a new method to remove Cu from wastewater.

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Chemical modifications of liquid natural rubber

Cited by 13 publications

References 14 publications

Enhanced strength and toughness of polylactic acid by blending with modified natural rubber having acetate pendant group

Enhanced strength and toughness of polylactic acid by blending with modified natural rubber having acetate pendant group

Review: Natural rubber – Improvement of properties

Adsorption of Cu²⁺ Ions using Rubber-Based Hydrogel

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Chemical modifications of liquid natural rubber

Cited by 13 publications

References 14 publications

Enhanced strength and toughness of polylactic acid by blending with modified natural rubber having acetate pendant group

Enhanced strength and toughness of polylactic acid by blending with modified natural rubber having acetate pendant group

Review: Natural rubber – Improvement of properties

Adsorption of Cu2+ Ions using Rubber-Based Hydrogel

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Product

Resources

About

Adsorption of Cu²⁺ Ions using Rubber-Based Hydrogel