Chemical modification of cellulose by in situ reactive extrusion in ionic liquid

A simple and convenient method to synthesize N-[(2-hydroxyl)-propyl-3-trimethylammonium] chitosan chloride in an ionic liquid

“…Kittur, Harish Prashanth, Udaya Sankar, and Tharanathan (2002) revealed that H increased with the increase of N-deacetylation, the water holding capacity, and chemical and supramolecular structure of CS. The introduced EPTAC, on the one hand, increased the water holding capacity of HTCC by introducing OH groups into CS, resulting in the increase of H. For instance, Zhang, Li, Li, Gibril, and Yu (2014) revealed that the decomposition temperature of cellulose derivatives modified with phthalic anhydride (PA), maleic anhydride (MA) and butyl glycidyl ether (BGE) was higher than that of cellulose for their stronger water holding capacity provided by PA, MA and BGE. On the other hand, EPTAC increased the steric effect and decreased the inter-and intra-molecular hydrogen bonds of HTCC, resulting in the decrease of H. From the viewpoint of Kittur, the steric effect plays a key role in the thermal properties of HTCC.…”

Poly(butylene succinate -co- butylene adipate)/cellulose nanocrystal composites modified with phthalic anhydride

“…PLA grafted with maleic anhydride (MA) could improve the interfacial adhesion between PLA and CNC, thus promoting uniform and fine dispersion of CNC in PLA/CNC composites. Similarly, urea, phthalic anhydride (PA), and butyl glycidyl ether (BGE) were successfully grafted onto CNC, and their modification effect was found to decrease in the sequence, MA > PA > BGE > urea (Zhang, Li, Li, & Gibril, 2014). However, as the initiator of MA, peroxide polymer has a strong degradation effect on the polymer matrix, leading to a fracture of polymer molecular chains and a weaker material performance.…”

Natural Polymers from Biomass Resources as Feedstocks for Thermoplastic Materials

“…When compared to CA films, the added oleic acid acted as a self‐plasticizer for CA leading to lower T g and melting point, ductile material properties, and even reducing both the oxygen and water vapor permeability . It should additionally be noted that ILs can also be effectively used in the field of derivatization, serving as reaction media for cellulose modification . Recently, homogenous esterification was performed in an ionic liquid.…”