Chemical modification of analytes in speciation analysis by capillary electrophoresis, liquid chromatography and gas chromatography

Liu, Wuping; Lee, Hian Kee

doi:10.1016/s0021-9673(98)00962-5

Cited by 36 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 105 publications

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“…Besides, covalent bonds are formed in derivatization [35] and, therefore, derivatization is a more permanent modification than complexation. The most commonly used derivatizing reagents are diethyldithiocarbamate (DDTC), NTA, EDTA, CDTA, DTPA, tartrate, oxalate, citrate, amino acids and CDs [9]. A good complexing agent must be (i) highly pure, (ii) soluble in BGE, (iii) should form stable, sensitive and a single state complex and (iv) should have good UV absorbance.…”

Section: Independent Variablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metal ion speciation and capillary electrophoresis: Application in the new millennium

2005

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Metal ions are essential for human beings at low concentrations but they are toxic or even carcinogenic at high concentrations. Many metallic ions are found in the environment in different species which are differentiated not only by their physicochemical forms but also by their diverse toxicities with respect to living organisms (speciation). CE has been used for metal ion speciation. The present review article describes the recent trends in metal ion speciation by CE. This article deals with the speciation of metal ions, optimization of the speciation (by independent and dependent variables), hyphenation of CE, validation of the methods, mechanisms of speciation, CE versus chromatography and conclusions.

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Section: Independent Variablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metal ion speciation and capillary electrophoresis: Application in the new millennium

2005

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“…Controlling the reduction potential applied on the microelectrode attains selective detection of these electrochemically active species. The detection limits of 0.1 ng/mL for Hg 21 and 3 ng/mL for CH 3 Hg 1 are potentially attractive for the monitoring of Hg contamination in sediments [62]. However, there is still a call for further efforts on the implementation of these detectors for practical use.…”

Section: Detection Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Also in 1998, Jia et al [20] reviewed the applications of CE in speciation analysis emphasis on the detection of UV and mass spectrometry (MS). Liu and Lee [21] gave a good review on the developments of chemical modification techniques in the simultaneous analysis of metallic species by CE, LC and GC. They compared the advantages, performances and applications for the three techniques.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elemental speciation analysis in capillary electrophoresis

Liu

Cheng

2003

Electrophoresis

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The growing awareness of the strong development of the toxicity of heavy metals upon their chemical forms has led to an increasing interest in the qualitative and quantitative determination of specific metal species. Speciation has therefore become an important topic of present-day analytical research. The development in the elemental speciation analysis by capillary electrophoresis (CE) is reviewed. Various CE separation modes and detection techniques applied are discussed. A comprehensive description of reported methods to date in CE speciation analysis including metals, metalloids and nonmetallic elements is demonstrated. Some examples are presented to demonstrate CE's ability to solve real-world speciation analysis with emphasis on the applications in biological and environmental samples. Further, some issues concerning the limitations and the future of CE with regard to speciation studies are also discussed.

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“…In contrast to hydride generation, ethylation does not suffer from serious matrix interferences and usually provides more reproducible results. 38 Furthermore, simultaneous in situ derivatization/extraction is possible, making the whole procedure fast and simple.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of migration of n‐butyltins and n‐octyltins to food simulants by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry

Papaspyrou

Thomaidis

Lampi³

et al. 2007

Applied Organom Chemis

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A simple chromatographic method was developed for the simultaneous determination of butyland octyltin compounds in two aqueous-based food simulants, water and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. The procedure is based on one-step derivatization/extraction with sodium tetraethylborate directly in the aqueous phase in the presence of 1 ml of 0.05% (w/v) tropolone in hexane. Derivatization parameters such as extraction solvent, pH, reaction time and amount of the reagent were optimized. The corresponding ethylated compounds were analysed by GC-MS using tripropyltin (TPrT) and diheptyltin (DHT) as internal standards for butyl-and octyltin compounds, respectively. This new method was validated and evaluated for linearity, trueness and precision in both simulants. The detection limits were in the range 1.9 (MBT) to 8.8 (TBT) µg l −1 (as organic-metallic cation) in both simulants. The stability of the organotin compounds under migration conditions (10 days at 40 • C) was also tested. The tested organotins presented no significant losses under the migration conditions. The developed method was applied to some PVC food packaging materials from the market. Few organotins were detected at levels near the limit of quantitation.

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Chemical modification of analytes in speciation analysis by capillary electrophoresis, liquid chromatography and gas chromatography

Cited by 36 publications

References 105 publications

Metal ion speciation and capillary electrophoresis: Application in the new millennium

Metal ion speciation and capillary electrophoresis: Application in the new millennium

Elemental speciation analysis in capillary electrophoresis

Determination of migration of n‐butyltins and n‐octyltins to food simulants by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry

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