Chemical mitigation technology for wax deposition in submarine oil pipeline systems

Elkatory, Marwa R.

doi:10.21608/ejchem.2021.72586.3604

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…The structure of the prepared PBOCOSA and PBOCODSA was confirmed by using FTIR Shimadzu 8400S spectrometer (Shimadzu, Japan). The morphological features microstructures of copolymers and their esterified forms and esters were examined by a Jeol 6360LA SEM (JEOL Ltd., Tokyo, Japan), working at an acceleration voltage of 15 kV [ 2 ]. XRD for PBOCOSA and PBOCODSA were obtained using a Shimadzu XRD-7000 diffractometer (Shimadzu Co. Ltd., Kyoto, Japan) (30 kV, 30 mA) with Cu Kα, Ni-filtered radiation, and the sample scanned at 2θ from 4–100° at a rate of 4°/min.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Using an Olympus BH2-UMA microscope coupled with a Canon photometric high-resolution automatic digital camera, the morphological characteristics of the paraffin wax crystals present in the untreated and crude oil sample treated with the synthesized additives at different concentrations were recorded. A drop of crude oil was deposited on a slide and the sample was examined while cooling at a rate of 10 °C/min [ 2 , 5 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When oil is extracted from offshore areas where temperatures may fall below 4 °C, lower than the wax appearance temperature (WAT) of crude, a “house-of-cards” structure of orthorhombic wax-crystals forms, resulting in a three-dimensional network. This might cause paraffin to accumulate on the pipeline’s surface [ 2 ]. The deposition of paraffin in pipelines when oil is being transported raises the cost of pumping and reduces the efficiency of the system.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Influence of Poly (benzyl oleate-co-maleic anhydride) Pour Point Depressant with Di-Stearyl Amine on Waxy Crude Oil

et al. 2023

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An important problem for the oil industry is the deposition of paraffin on pipelines during the transit of crude oil and restart processes at low temperature. In this regard, the need for suitable methods of wax deposition has attracted substantial attention. Therefore, pour point depressants (PPDs) are considered a critical processing aid to modify the paraffin crystallization and improve the flow of waxy crude oil. The effect of pendants in comb-type copolymers on the ability of crude oil to flow in the cold is examined in the current study. Such PPDs were first created by the free radical polymerization of maleic anhydride with benzyl oleate to create the poly (benzyl oleate-co-maleic anhydride). The resultant copolymer was then aminated with alkyl amine (stearyl amine) (C18H39N) to form pendant alkyl amine chains. The esterified copolymers were structurally characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared, X-ray diffraction spectral analysis, and scanning electron microscopy. Moreover, the potential interactions between PPD and waxes were investigated by using differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray diffraction, and light microscopy. The obtained PPDs, which are effective at a dose of 2000 ppm, were able to reduce the pour point by up to 3 °C. The viscosity and yield stress of the petroleum waxy crude oil were revealed by rheometer.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Influence of Poly (benzyl oleate-co-maleic anhydride) Pour Point Depressant with Di-Stearyl Amine on Waxy Crude Oil

et al. 2023

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“…Polymers that used to make the oil flow at lower temperatures without creating wax and also keep the oil able to be pumpable under these chilly conditions (flowable) that called pour point depressants (PPD) were used for treating the paraffinic engine oils 14 . These PPDs may contain the green, natural polymers 15 , 16 and methacrylate polymers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of newly copolymers and their montmorillonite nanocomposite as cold flow improver for petroleum lubricating oil

El-Bahnasawi,

El-Segaey,

Albohy

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

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The great demand on the energy makes the attention toward modifying lubricating oil. This work tends to prepare the following copolymers; octadecylmethacrylate-co-dodecene (CP1) and octadecylmethacrylate-co-hexadecene (CP2) by free radical solution polymerization using laboratory prepared octadecylmethacrylate monomer with either 1-dodecene or 1-hexadecene. The same monomers also used to prepare their polymers nanocomposite (NP1, NP2) with 1% of nanomontmorolonite by emulsion polymerization. The structures of the prepared polymers and their nanocomposite were elucidated by FTIR, 1HNMR, TGA, DSC, TEM and DLS. These polymers were used as pour point depressant, flow improver and viscosity modifier and showed high efficiency. After comparison of the data of the polymers and their nanocomposite, the nanocomposite give the best results where the pour point decreased from 0 °C to − 18, − 27, − 24 and − 33 °C for CP1, CP2, NP1 and NP2 respectively at the optimum concentration 10,000 ppm. On the other hand the viscosity index increased from 86.57 to 93.25, 92.41, 94.17 and 93.103 for CP1, CP2, NP1 and NP2 respectively, the apparent viscosity increased from 55.863 to 69.31, 119.41, 111.28, and 166.89 cP also the yield stress increased from 652.19 to 1076.3, 1074 and 1480 D/cm2 for CP1, CP2, NP1 and NP2 respectively.

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Experimental Optimization with the Emphasis on Techno-Economic Analysis of Production and Purification of High Value-Added Bioethanol from Sustainable Corn Stover

et al. 2022

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Bioethanol-derived biomass is a green sustainable source of energy that is highly recommended as an efficient alternative to the replacement of fossil fuels. However, this type of bioethanol production is always expensive with very low bioethanol concentration. Therefore, this work aims to represent a facile and green approach for bioethanol production with high concentration and purity as well as reasonable cost from corn stover (CS). The goal of this study is to characterize CS and its treated samples with maleic acid (CSM) using various characterization analyses, such as proximate and ultimate analysis, HHV, TGA, FTIR, SEM, and CHNS. The bioethanol production stages: Pretreatment, enzymatic degradation, fermentation, and finally bioethanol separation and purification via the pervaporation process, which have been investigated and optimized are associated with the economic analysis. The optimum operating condition of the pretreatment process was 2% maleic acid, 1:20 solid-to-liquid ratio at 45 psi, 120 °C, and 1 h of operation in the autoclave. This process contributes to 53 and 45% lignin and hemicellulose removal, 98% cellulose recovery, and a glucose yield of 741 mg/dL. The yeast isolate succeeded in the production of 1230 mg/dL of bioethanol. This isolated yeast strain was close to Pichia nakasei with a similarity of 98%, and its amplified 18S rRNA gene sequence was deposited in GenBank with the accession number MZ675535. Poly (MMA-co-MA) membrane was synthesized, characterized, and its efficiency for increasing the bioethanol concentration was evaluated using the integrated pervaporation technique. The techno-economic analysis is presented in detail to evaluate the process profitability, which achieves a considerable profit for the whole duration of the project without any losses as it reaches a net profit of USD 1 million in 2023, reaching USD 2.1 million in 2047 for a company with a capacity of 32 thousand tons per year. The sequential strategy offers a promising approach for efficient bioethanol production under mild and environmentally friendly conditions that enable its implication industrially.

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Chemical mitigation technology for wax deposition in submarine oil pipeline systems

Cited by 4 publications

References 23 publications

Influence of Poly (benzyl oleate-co-maleic anhydride) Pour Point Depressant with Di-Stearyl Amine on Waxy Crude Oil

Influence of Poly (benzyl oleate-co-maleic anhydride) Pour Point Depressant with Di-Stearyl Amine on Waxy Crude Oil

Evaluation of newly copolymers and their montmorillonite nanocomposite as cold flow improver for petroleum lubricating oil

Experimental Optimization with the Emphasis on Techno-Economic Analysis of Production and Purification of High Value-Added Bioethanol from Sustainable Corn Stover

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