Chemical Mechanisms Contributing to Wear of Single‐Crystal Sapphire on Steel

Brown, Warren R.; Eiss, N. S.; McAdams, H. T.

doi:10.1111/j.1151-2916.1964.tb14383.x

Cited by 31 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Scanning with a sapphire probe on steel produces significant wear, as reported in several publications [12][13][14]. The influence of the scanning speed on the wear depth is shown in figure 5.…”

Section: Wear When Scanning On Hardened Steelmentioning

confidence: 70%

Study of sapphire probe tip wear when scanning on different materials

Nicolet

Küng

Meli

2012

Meas. Sci. Technol.

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The accuracy of today's coordinate measuring machines (CMM) has reached a level at which exact knowledge of each component is required. The role of the probe tip is particularly crucial as it is in contact with the sample surface. Understanding how the probe tip wears off will help to narrow the measurement errors. In this work, wear of a sapphire sphere was studied for different scanning conditions and with different sample materials. Wear depth on the probe was investigated using an automated process in situ on the METAS micro-CMM and completed by measurements with an atomic force microscope. We often found a linear dependence between the wear depth and the scan length ranging from 0.5 to 9 nm m−1, due to variations in scan speed, contact force or sample material. In the case of steel, the wear rate is proportional to the scan speed, while for aluminum several processes seem to interact. A large amount of debris was visible after the tests. Except for aluminum, wear was visible only on the sphere and not on the sample. Sapphire/steel is the worst combination in terms of wear, whereas the combination sapphire/ceramic exhibits almost no wear.

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Section: Wear When Scanning On Hardened Steelmentioning

confidence: 70%

Study of sapphire probe tip wear when scanning on different materials

Nicolet

Küng

Meli

2012

Meas. Sci. Technol.

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“…Komanduri [103] explained metal build-up on abrasive grits in terms of a mechanism in which the work material initially oxidises and solid phase reaction between the metal oxide and grit material gives a graded interface between the build-up layer and grit material. Chemical interaction between abrasive and workpiece material has also been suggested [104][105][106][107]. Shaw and…”

Section: Grinding Wheel Loadingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of vitrified CBN wheels for precision grinding

Cai

Rowe

2004

International Journal of Machine Tools and Manufacture

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The aim of the investigation was to achieve a method of assessment of vitrified CBN wheels for precision grinding based on investigation of relationships between the changing features of grinding wheels and grinding performance.Feasible measurement and observation techniques for the changing topographical features of vitrified CBN wheels in grinding were investigated. Comparisons included measurement resolution, measuring depth, ease of application, and data analysis and interpretation. The optical interferometer was found to be good for measurement of vitrified CBN wheel topography, and a microscope was found to be helpful for understanding the measurement results. In addition, replication techniques were compared and analyzed. A newly developed replica material with high resolution (0.1 microns) and easy operation, Microset 101, was employed as a negative replica material in the experimental work.A set of parameters was defined which describe the wheel characteristics including active cutting edge density, cutting edge dullness, effective porosity volume ratio and wheel scratch hardness. A parametric study was made of the effects of wheel characteristics on CBN grinding performance including grinding force, grinding temperature, wheel life and workpiece accuracy using elevated wheel speed with different workpiece materials.An experimental study was carried out with grinding wheels having different grain sizes, pore volumes, and wheel hardness values for grinding different workpiece materials. Experimental results are discussed in relation to the theoretical understanding of the process. The effects of varying wheel structure, wheel speed and workpiece material are discussed in relation to grinding power, workpiece surface roughness, size error and wheel topography. IThe mechanics of grinding wheel wear and loading are reviewed. Grinding wheel wear and loading trends were predicted. Suggestions are made for the avoidance of grinding wheel wear and loading. II

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Tribological properties of aluminum alloy matrix TiB2 composite prepared by in situ processing

Caracostas

Chiou

Fine

et al. 1997

Metall Mater Trans A

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An investigation of the wear behavior, in lubricated sliding and rolling of in situ prepared TiB 2 particle-reinforced 2024 T4 Al alloy matrix composites against 52100 steel and hardened pearlitic nodular cast iron, respectively, was undertaken. In sliding contact, the 10 vol pct 0.3-m TiB 2 -metal matrix composite (MMC) showed slightly less wear than the 10 vol pct 1.3-m TiB 2 -MMC. Transmission electron microscopy of cross sections, taken normal to the wear track and parallel to the sliding direction, revealed that the TiB 2 particles on the wear track were polished and particle pullout was largely absent. This was attributed to the strong interfacial bonding between the Al-alloy matrix and the TiB 2 reinforcing phase. The TiB 2 particles on the wear track inhibited spalling. Subsurface damage of the MMC did not occur. The wear of the steel mating surfaces worn against the TiB 2 -MMCs was minor and caused by the cutting action of the TiB 2 particles that resided on the MMC wear track. In rolling contact, the 0.3-m-size TiB 2 -MMC showed 5 times higher weight loss than the 1.3-m TiB 2 -MMC for the same content of reinforcement, but the weight loss of the cast iron mating surface was less for the former. For the smaller particle size, the wear of 5 and 10 vol pct TiB 2 -MMCs was the same. A high density of surface cracks was present on the wear track of the 0.3-m TiB 2 -MMC but not on the 1.3-m MMC. The significance of strong particle/matrix interfacial bonding and particle size effect on the wear behavior of ceramic particulate-reinforced MMCs in lubricated sliding and rolling wear is discussed.

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Chemical Mechanisms Contributing to Wear of Single‐Crystal Sapphire on Steel

Cited by 31 publications

References 4 publications

Study of sapphire probe tip wear when scanning on different materials

Study of sapphire probe tip wear when scanning on different materials

Assessment of vitrified CBN wheels for precision grinding

Tribological properties of aluminum alloy matrix TiB2 composite prepared by in situ processing

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