Chemical Mapping of the Degradation of Geranium Lake in Paint Cross Sections by MALDI-MSI

Alvarez-Martin, Alba; Quanico, Jusal; Scovacricchi, Teresa; Avranovich Clerici, Ermanno; Baggerman, Geert; Janssens, Koen

doi:10.1021/acs.analchem.3c03992

Cited by 2 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…In wrapped threads, the back of the strips needs to be studied to explore if any traces of adhesives were used to guarantee the wrapping twist around the core. Immunofluorescence microscopy 102 , 103 or chemical mapping by MALDI-MSI 104 in cross-sections could be used to localize each binding media within the stratigraphy of the samples, for example to verify that they were used exclusively in adhesive layers or for other purposes (e.g. in varnish layers, in the strips supports, etc.).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Palaeoproteomics and microanalysis reveal techniques of production of animal-based metal threads in medieval textiles

Scibè,

Eng-Wilmot,

Lam

et al. 2024

Sci Rep

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Animal-based metal threads were largely used between the 10th and the fifteenth century, in European, Middle Eastern and Far Eastern textile productions for the decoration of textiles and cloths. They belong to a larger group of metal threads, used either as flat threads or wrapped around a fiber core, that were backed by an organic support (animal or paper). This study focuses on the medieval production of metal threads backed by an animal membrane (e.g. gut membrane), or skin. A total of 91 samples were collected from a corpus of 66 textile fragments belonging to 54 catalogued objects. The relevance and novelty of the present study is represented by the combination of proteomics, cross-section analysis, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM–EDS and SEM-µXRF). The diversity of materials and manufacturing techniques found within each typology of thread, respectively, membrane-based metal threads and skin-based metal threads, hinted at different production technologies. Membrane-based threads were found to be invariably made from cattle gut membrane, coated with gilt-silver leaves. A possible sheep glue adhesive was found in a few samples. Skin-based threads were made from either goat or sheep leather, coated with metal leaves or powder. Within the three different types of coatings identified (silver, gold and gilt-silver), gold coatings were the most represented. Goat leather threads were associated with an egg-white binder, while sturgeon glue was identified as adhesive in all sheep leather threads. Collagen glue from other species (cattle, sheep, horse) was occasionally found in mixed adhesives. In two textiles, the finding of human proteins indicates past contamination due to handling or use. The analytical results show coherence between the fabrication patterns of animal-based metal threads and their probable geographical areas of manufacture, indicating that the study of materials and techniques provide further criteria to classify and group textiles, and trace correlations between manufacturing centers within Eurasian territories.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Palaeoproteomics and microanalysis reveal techniques of production of animal-based metal threads in medieval textiles

Scibè,

Eng-Wilmot,

Lam

et al. 2024

Sci Rep

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“…A spectral database of some SOPs belonging to different chemical classes has been developed by analysing alkyd and acrylic commercial paints, proving the capability of the technique to identify simultaneously both the pigment and the binder in a short analysis time [151]. The first use of MALDI-MSI was recently published, highlighting the potentialities of the developed protocol for the study of the spatial−temporal chemical changes of Eosin in oil mock-ups as well as samples from Van Gogh artworks, correlating the chemical changes with the discolouration of the painting [39].…”

Section: Mass Spectrometry Techniques (No or Minimal Sample Treatment)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Both the analytical standard and historical reference material come with a significant amount of debrominated eosin [190,209]. Additionally, different studies performed in solution, on dyed yarns and paint mock-ups subjected to artificial ageing proved that different effects can be observed based on the physical state of the dye molecule and its environment [39,62,147,186,200,209]. Debromination was observed in several cases, while a consensus has only been reached on the nature of the final product of degradation, i.e., (3,5dibromo-2,4-dihydroxybenzoyl)benzoic acid, a colourless benzophenone [65,200,209,210].…”

Section: Other Photochemical Reactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An Introduction and Recent Advances in the Analytical Study of Early Synthetic Dyes and Organic Pigments in Cultural Heritage

Tamburini,

Sabatini,

Berbers

et al. 2024

Heritage

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This article reviews the research recently undertaken to characterise and identify early synthetic dyes (ESDs) and synthetic organic pigments (SOPs) as well as study their degradation pathways with a focus on cultural heritage applications. Since the invention of the first fully synthetic dye in 1856, these materials have been used in a variety of historic objects and artworks, such as textiles, furniture, prints, paintings, drawings, etc. The synthesis of new dyes and their implementation into pigment formulations were rapid phenomena, so that by the beginning of the 20th century, thousands of new molecules were patented and commercialised. This review will focus on these early formulations synthesised up to approximately 1914 and the outbreak of World War I. ESDs and SOPs represent a challenge from an analytical point of view. Molecular databases are fundamental for the unequivocal identification of these compounds, but reference materials are not always readily available. A combination of analytical techniques is often needed for characterisation, especially in the case of SOPs, which have both organic and inorganic components. Furthermore, the degradation of these molecules can jeopardise their detection in historic objects that have been exposed to light, humidity and temperature fluctuations. Nevertheless, ESDs and SOPs are important research tools. As the dates of their first synthesis are often known with precision, based on patent information, their detection can be used to refine the production date of objects. Additionally, their trade from Europe to the world and their adoption in artistic practices around the globe is an active area of research.

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Chemical Mapping of the Degradation of Geranium Lake in Paint Cross Sections by MALDI-MSI

Cited by 2 publications

References 58 publications

Palaeoproteomics and microanalysis reveal techniques of production of animal-based metal threads in medieval textiles

Palaeoproteomics and microanalysis reveal techniques of production of animal-based metal threads in medieval textiles

An Introduction and Recent Advances in the Analytical Study of Early Synthetic Dyes and Organic Pigments in Cultural Heritage

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