Chemical looping capabilities of olivine, used as a catalyst in indirect biomass gasification

Characteristics of olivine as a bed material in an indirect biomass gasifier

“…However, Fe did not seem to be migrating to the outer layer, as was observed in a previous investigation [25]. In the samples extracted from the Chalmers unit, Fe was distributed throughout the particles.…”

“…Considering that Fe migration to the surface was not observed (see Fig. 7), activation of the olivine cannot be attributed solely to this element, as mentioned in the literature [3,25]. One possible explanation for the lack of Fe migration is that the olivine was not pre-calcinated, as it was in the study of Lancee et al [25].…”

“…The changes in activity of olivine is commonly attributed to Fe migration in the particle, which has been shown to be a result of calcination [3], and to the CaO layer that is formed during the interaction with biomass ash [20,21,25,26]. Besides calcium, the fuel contains varying amounts of potassium (K), silicon, and sulfur (S), which may also have effects on the chemistry within the system.…”

Promoting effect of various biomass ashes on the steam gasification of low-rank coal

“…Some catalysts such as nickel based catalysts were found to be able to increase the hydrogen production, and result in a high H 2 /CO ratio [22]. Some natural minerals such as olivine [23], calcite [24], and dolomite [25] were also found to be suitable for the gasification. Alkali and alkaline earth metal (AAEM) species have been extensively applied for the coal gasification due to their high catalytic activity and low cost [26][27][28][29][30][31].…”

Internal tar/CH4 reforming in a biomass dual fluidised bed gasifier

“…The oxygen transport capacity of olivine can be 0.5 wt.% [25]. Hence, the produced gas in the gasifier will be partially oxidized by oxygen input by the olivine in dual fluidised beds (DFB) operation.…”