Chemical interactions between marine macroalgae and bacteria

Goecke, Franz Ronald; Labes, Antje; Wiese, Jutta; Imhoff, Johannes F.

doi:10.3354/meps08607

Cited by 386 publications

(403 citation statements)

References 338 publications

(160 reference statements)

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“…Given that macroalgae share a long evolutionary history with microbial pathogens (38), that the isoprenoid compounds we identified are found in several green (23)(24)(25), red (Figs. 3 and 4), and brown macroalgae (26,27), and that some of these compounds suppress marine microbes (24), it is plausible that these compounds evolved independently in multiple algal lineages as defenses against microbes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Macroalgal terpenes function as allelopathic agents against reef corals

Rasher

Stout²,

Engel³

et al. 2011

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

207

269

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During recent decades, many tropical reefs have transitioned from coral to macroalgal dominance. These community shifts increase the frequency of algal-coral interactions and may suppress coral recovery following both anthropogenic and natural disturbance. However, the extent to which macroalgae damage corals directly, the mechanisms involved, and the species specificity of algal-coral interactions remain uncertain. Here, we conducted field experiments demonstrating that numerous macroalgae directly damage corals by transfer of hydrophobic allelochemicals present on algal surfaces. These hydrophobic compounds caused bleaching, decreased photosynthesis, and occasionally death of corals in 79% of the 24 interactions assayed (three corals and eight algae). Coral damage generally was limited to sites of algal contact, but algae were unaffected by contact with corals. Artificial mimics for shading and abrasion produced no impact on corals, and effects of hydrophobic surface extracts from macroalgae paralleled effects of whole algae; both findings suggest that local effects are generated by allelochemical rather than physical mechanisms. Rankings of macroalgae from most to least allelopathic were similar across the three coral genera tested. However, corals varied markedly in susceptibility to allelopathic algae, with globally declining corals such as Acropora more strongly affected. Bioassay-guided fractionation of extracts from two allelopathic algae led to identification of two loliolide derivatives from the red alga Galaxaura filamentosa and two acetylated diterpenes from the green alga Chlorodesmis fastigiata as potent allelochemicals. Our results highlight a newly demonstrated but potentially widespread competitive mechanism to help explain the lack of coral recovery on many present-day reefs.allelopathy | chemical ecology | competition | phase shift C orals are structurally complex foundation species that generate and maintain tropical reef biodiversity. However, the direct and interactive effects of climate-induced coral bleaching (1, 2), ocean acidification (2, 3), coral disease (4), coastal overfishing, and eutrophication (5-8) have led to coral decline over wide areas. On many reefs, dramatic declines in coral cover have co-occurred with significant increases in fleshy macroalgae (9-11). Once established, macroalgae can inhibit coral recruitment and decrease herbivore grazing, producing negative feedbacks that reinforce phase shifts and further diminish reef function (12-14). Thus, local (e.g., overfishing) and global (e.g., climate) stresses may interact in complex ways to suppress coral cover, promote algal proliferation, and compromise reef resilience; such complexities provide both challenges and opportunities for managing these dynamic ecosystems (11, 13).As corals decline and macroalgae proliferate, the frequency of algal-coral interactions will increase, potentially affecting the survivorship, growth, and reproduction of remnant adult corals and new coral recruits (12, 13). However, the consequences ...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Macroalgal terpenes function as allelopathic agents against reef corals

Rasher

Stout²,

Engel³

et al. 2011

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

207

269

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“…Although the ecological relevance of most bacterial associates on or within macroalgae remains unclear, a number of beneficial and detrimental functions have been postulated for particular bacterial species (Goecke et al 2010). However, Chan & McManus (1969) reported that the number of seaweed-associated bacteria exceeds those in the surrounding seawater by 100-10000 times.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…isolated from P. capillacea harvested from Egyptian Western Harbor. However, Goecke et al (2010) mentioned that the algal cell wall degrading bacteria mainly belong to the Alphaproteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, and the CFB group. Especially Alteromonas, Flavobacterium, Pseudoalteromonas, Pseudomonas, Vibrio, and Zobellia species possess sugar-degrading enzymes like agarases, carrageenases, and alginate lyases (for an overview of macroalgal cell wall-degrading bacteria).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many bacteria growing on seaweed surfaces are able to enzymatically decompose algal cell wall, making them key players in biotransformation and nutrient recycling in the oceans (Goecke et al 2010). Also, beneficial bacterial-macroalgal interactions are based on the bacterial capacity to mineralize algal organic substrates and subsequently supply the seaweed host with carbon dioxide, minerals, vitamins, and growth factors (Singh et al 2011).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Algal cell wall components and secondary metabolites can trigger specific interactions between seaweeds and beneficial bacteria (Lachnit et al 2010). Seaweed-associated bacteria are important sources of fixed nitrogen and detoxifying compounds (Goecke et al 2010). Besides being epiphytic on algal surfaces, bacteria also live inside the thallus.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Seaweeds agarophytes and associated epiphytic bacteria along Alexandria coastline, Egypt, with emphasis on the evaluation and extraction of agar and agarose

Ibrahim

Beltagy

El-Din

et al. 2015

Rev. biol. mar. oceanogr.

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Introduction to Chemical Ecology

Kornprobst

2014

Encyclopedia of Marine Natural Products

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The article contains sections titled: Examples of Intraspecific Relations Sexual Pheromones: Sperm‐Activating Peptides of Urchins and Mollusks Examples of Alarm Pheromones Examples of Interspecific Relationships Predator–Prey Relationships: Defense Allomones of Algae and Invertebrates Defense Allomones in Associations Between Microorganisms and Invertebrates Elicitors and Defense Allomones of Algae Substances Inducing Metamorphosis of Larvae Formation of Epibiosis (Biofouling) and Antifouling Substances Food Attractants and Stimulants

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Chemical interactions between marine macroalgae and bacteria

Cited by 386 publications

References 338 publications

Macroalgal terpenes function as allelopathic agents against reef corals

Macroalgal terpenes function as allelopathic agents against reef corals

Seaweeds agarophytes and associated epiphytic bacteria along Alexandria coastline, Egypt, with emphasis on the evaluation and extraction of agar and agarose

Introduction to Chemical Ecology

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