Abstract. Polymers are widely used in cement mortar and concrete modification due to their significant role in improving the overall performance of cement-based materials. Their physical interaction is well-accepted, while less attention is given to chemical interaction between the polymers and cement. Through a review of prior arts, chemical interactions are discussed and summarized in this paper. Various chemical interactions may take place between cement and different types of polymers. Understanding these chemical interactions will play an important role in clarifying the relationship between microstructure and macrostructure of polymer-modified cementitious materials. Authors expressed and proved the conviction that the organic-inorganic (Polymer-Portland cement) composite with some components chemically bonded, in parallel to the physical interaction, will be the next stage in concrete technology progress.Key words: Chemical interaction, polymer, Portland cement, concrete-polymer composites, polymer cement concrete.Chemical interaction between polymer and cement in polymer-cement concrete higher than 10% of cement mass. Because of the synergic action of polymers in concrete, their influence on the properties of the product is much higher than one could deduct from their mass/volume share [4]. We can observe several milestones on the road to building the PCC microstructure formation model [5]. Particularly Bares's model, Ohama model, and Beeldens-Ohama-Van Gemert integrated model should be stressed among others (Table 1).Years 2005-2009 have brought the breakthrough achievement of Van Gemert and Knapen [16,17]. If we use a water-soluble polymer (WSP) instead of a liquid polymer, due to the thermodynamic conditions, the WSP will be placed in the nano-area. As a result of changing the polymer position from micro-area into nano-area, the polymer will not be bridging between the crack-edges of concrete, but between the hexagonal plates of Portlandite [ Fig. 1]. In such situation, even an addition of polymer in the amount of 1% of cement mass will improve the tensile strength 50% more than with 10% polymer content in an ordinary situation.