Chemical Input Multiplicity Facilitates Arithmetical Processing

Abstract

We describe the design and function of a molecular logic system, by which a combinatorial recognition of the input signals is utilized to efficiently process chemically encoded information. Each chemical input can target simultaneously multiple domains on the same molecular platform, resulting in a unique combination of chemical states, each with its characteristic fluorescence output. Simple alteration of the input reagents changes the emitted logic pattern and enables it to perform different algebraic operations between two bits, solely in the fluorescence mode. This system exhibits parallelism in both its chemical inputs and light outputs.

Molecular All-Photonic Encoder−Decoder

“…[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11] Although most of the initial reports of such systems were of simple switches or single-function logic gates, more recent work has produced molecules or mixtures of molecules capable of performing a variety of logic functions. [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19] Most often, these systems use one or more chemical inputs. We have been investigating the use of light as inputs and outputs, usually via photochromes that interact photochemically or photophysically with attached chromophores.…”

All-Photonic Molecular Half-Adder

“…Arithmetic operations require combinations of two or more logic gates that carry out addition or subtraction. A number of molecular half-adders [1][2][3][4][5][6][7] and half-subtractors 4,5,8,9 have been described, or discussed theoretically. 10,11 These function through chemical inputs (e.g., acid, base, ions) that cause the switching operations.…”

Metal Chelation Chemistry

“…Depending on the number of intervening ethyleneoxy units, analogous bichromophoric systems show different selectivities and binding stoichiometries toward Mg 2+ and Ca 2+ [61]. As a logical choice for an iron-chelating motif, naturally occurring siderophore structure was used to prepare hydroxamate-based linear polydentate ligand 43 [62]. Binding of Fe 3+ ion reversibly modifies the energy transfer between the Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) donor (pyrene) and acceptor (fluorescein) units.…”