Chemical inhibition of the auxin inactivation pathway uncovers the roles of metabolic turnover in auxin homeostasis

Fukui, Kosuke; Arai, Kohei; Tanaka, Yuka; Aoi, Yuki; Kukshal, Vandna; Jez, Joseph M.; Kubeš, Martin; Napier, Richard; Zhao, Yunde; Kasahara, Hiroyuki; Hayashi, Ken‐ichiro

doi:10.1073/pnas.2206869119

Cited by 15 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…To address the role of group II GH3s in LR formation, we analyzed the concentration‐dependent effects of the GH3 inhibitor, KKI that competitively inhibits IAA conjugation (Fukui et al ., 2022). Three‐day‐old seedlings were exposed for 7 d to different KKI concentrations.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Arabidopsis, hextuple, septuple and octuple group II gh3 mutants have progressively more prominent root phenotypes (Mellor et al ., 2016; Porco et al ., 2016; Zhang et al ., 2016; Casanova‐Saez et al ., 2021; Hayashi et al ., 2021; Guo et al ., 2022), highlighting their importance in root development. The availability of higher order mutants and selective inhibitors of group II GH3s, such as kakeimide (KKI; Fukui et al ., 2022), allows to overcome group II GH3 functional redundancy and explore their role in plant development.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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GH3‐mediated auxin inactivation attenuates multiple stages of lateral root development

Wang,

De Gernier,

Duan

et al. 2023

New Phytologist

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Summary Lateral root (LR) positioning and development rely on the dynamic interplay between auxin production, transport but also inactivation. Nonetheless, how the latter affects LR organogenesis remains largely uninvestigated. Here, we systematically analyze the impact of the major auxin inactivation pathway defined by GRETCHEN HAGEN3‐type (GH3) auxin conjugating enzymes and DIOXYGENASE FOR AUXIN OXIDATION1 (DAO1) in all stages of LR development using reporters, genetics and inhibitors in Arabidopsis thaliana. Our data demonstrate that the gh3.1/2/3/4/5/6 hextuple (gh3hex) mutants display a higher LR density due to increased LR initiation and faster LR developmental progression, acting epistatically over dao1‐1. Grafting and local inhibitor applications reveal that root and shoot GH3 activities control LR formation. The faster LR development in gh3hex is associated with GH3 expression domains in and around developing LRs. The increase in LR initiation is associated with accelerated auxin response oscillations coinciding with increases in apical meristem size and LR cap cell death rates. Our research reveals how GH3‐mediated auxin inactivation attenuates LR development. Local GH3 expression in LR primordia attenuates development and emergence, whereas GH3 effects on pre‐initiation stages are indirect, by modulating meristem activities that in turn coordinate root growth with LR spacing.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

GH3‐mediated auxin inactivation attenuates multiple stages of lateral root development

Wang,

De Gernier,

Duan

et al. 2023

New Phytologist

Self Cite

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“…In A. thaliana , AtGH3.9 can be inhibited by exogenous IAA, resulting in overall changes in promoter activity, enhanced promoter activity in lateral roots, and inhibition of MeJA-induced root growth in AtGH3.9 mutants [ 42 ]. In pea plants, PsGH3.5 can respond to ABA, IAA, GA3, MeJA, SA, etc., and can be significantly induced under different light conditions and after treatment with auxin herbicides [ 43 ]. Previous studies have shown that during the growth and development of plants, the content of the hormone IAA increases or decreases.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolutionary Analysis of the Melon (Cucumis melo L.) GH3 Gene Family and Identification of GH3 Genes Related to Fruit Growth and Development

Chen

Zhong

et al. 2023

Plants

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The indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) auxin is an important endogenous hormone that plays a key role in the regulation of plant growth and development. In recent years, with the progression of auxin-related research, the function of the Gretchen Hagen 3 (GH3) gene has become a prominent research topic. However, studies focusing on the characteristics and functions of melon GH3 family genes are still lacking. This study presents a systematic identification of melon GH3 gene family members based on genomic data. The evolution of melon GH3 family genes was systematically analyzed by means of bioinformatics, and the expression patterns of the GH3 family genes in different melon tissues during different fruit developmental stages and with various levels of 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) induction were analyzed with transcriptomics and RT-qPCR. The melon genome contains 10 GH3 genes distributed across seven chromosomes, and most of these genes are expressed in the plasma membrane. According to evolutionary analysis and the number of GH3 family genes, these genes can be divided into three subgroups, and they have been conserved throughout the evolution of melon. The melon GH3 gene has a wide range of expression patterns across distinct tissue types, with expression generally being higher in flowers and fruit. Through promoter analysis, we found that most cis-acting elements contained light- and IAA-responsive elements. Based on the RNA-seq and RT-qPCR analyses, it can be speculated that CmGH3-5, CmGH3-6 and CmGH3-7 may be involved in the process of melon fruit development. In conclusion, our findings suggest that the GH3 gene family plays an important role in the development of melon fruit. This study provides an important theoretical basis for further research on the function of the GH3 gene family and the molecular mechanism underlying the development of melon fruit.

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“…In recent years, biochemical studies have been conducted on the GH3 proteins. Auxin may be responsible for regulating auxin homeostasis by rapidly inducing the expression of GH3 genes [ 68 , 69 ]. Since auxin only partially induces the GH3 genes, their functional processes might not be as simple.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-Throughput Sequencing Reveals Novel microRNAs Involved in the Continuous Flowering Trait of Longan (Dimocarpus longan Lour.)

Waheed

Liang

Zhang

et al. 2022

IJMS

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A major determinant of fruit production in longan (Dimocarpus longan Lour.) is the difficulty of blossoming. In this study, high-throughput microRNA sequencing (miRNA-Seq) was carried out to compare differentially expressed miRNAs (DEmiRNAs) and their target genes between a continuous flowering cultivar ‘Sijimi’ (SJ), and a unique cultivar ‘Lidongben’ (LD), which blossoms only once in the season. Over the course of our study, 1662 known miRNAs and 235 novel miRNAs were identified and 13,334 genes were predicted to be the target of 1868 miRNAs. One conserved miRNA and 29 new novel miRNAs were identified as differently expressed; among them, 16 were upregulated and 14 were downregulated. Through the KEGG pathway and cluster analysis of DEmiRNA target genes, three critical regulatory pathways, plant–pathogen interaction, plant hormone signal transduction, and photosynthesis-antenna protein, were discovered to be strongly associated with the continuous flowering trait of the SJ. The integrated correlation analysis of DEmiRNAs and their target mRNAs revealed fourteen important flowering-related genes, including COP1-like, Casein kinase II, and TCP20. These fourteen flowering-related genes were targeted by five miRNAs, which were novel-miR137, novel-miR76, novel-miR101, novel-miR37, and csi-miR3954, suggesting these miRNAs might play vital regulatory roles in flower regulation in longan. Furthermore, novel-miR137 was cloned based on small RNA sequencing data analysis. The pSAK277-miR137 transgenic Arabidopsis plants showed delayed flowering phenotypes. This study provides new insight into molecular regulation mechanisms of longan flowering.

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Chemical inhibition of the auxin inactivation pathway uncovers the roles of metabolic turnover in auxin homeostasis

Cited by 15 publications

References 60 publications

GH3‐mediated auxin inactivation attenuates multiple stages of lateral root development

GH3‐mediated auxin inactivation attenuates multiple stages of lateral root development

Evolutionary Analysis of the Melon (Cucumis melo L.) GH3 Gene Family and Identification of GH3 Genes Related to Fruit Growth and Development

High-Throughput Sequencing Reveals Novel microRNAs Involved in the Continuous Flowering Trait of Longan (Dimocarpus longan Lour.)

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