Chemical information processing in the olfactory system of insects.

Masson, C.; Mustaparta, Hanna

doi:10.1152/physrev.1990.70.1.199

Cited by 227 publications

(131 citation statements)

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“…Olfactory input pathway to the Kenvon cells In locust, olfactory afferents from each antenna (-50,000) project to the ipsilateral antenna1 lobe, and synapse there onto local and projection neurons (Christensen and Hildebrand, 1987;Masson and Mustaparta, 1990). The antenna1 lobe in Schistocerca has an ellipsoid shape and, unlike insects such as moths and cockroaches, a microglomerular organization, as seen in cross section (Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It was found that the ratio of volume occupied by Kenyon cell somata to that occupied by Kenyon cell neuropil decreased (thus possibly suggesting a proliferation of Kenyon cell arbor) from 1 d old to nurse to foraging individuals in a same colony (Withers et al, 1993). Many of the anatomical and behavioral investigations and Naraghi -Odorant-induced Oscillations in Mushroom Bodies on the mushroom bodies have been carried out in the context of olfactory processing and learning, for the mushroom bodies are the main target neuropil of olfactory projection interneurons that originate in the glomerular antenna1 lobes (Christensen and Hildebrand, 1987;Masson and Mustaparta, 1990). The mushroom bodies of insects are therefore the second principal relay for olfactory signals, and occupy a position that is analogous, in the olfactory pathway, to that of the piriform cortex in mammals.…”

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Odorant-induced oscillations in the mushroom bodies of the locust

1994

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Kenyon cells are the intrinsic interneurons of the mushroom bodies in the insect brain, a center for olfactory and multimodal processing and associative learning. These neurons are small (3–8 microns soma diameter) and numerous (340,000 and 400,000 in the bee and cockroach brains, respectively). In Drosophila, Kenyon cells are the dominant site of expression of the dunce, DC0, and rutabaga gene products, enzymes in the cAMP cascade whose absence leads to specific defects in olfactory learning. In honeybees, the volume of the mushroom body neurophils may depend on the age or social status of the individual. Although the anatomy of these neurons has been known for nearly a century, their physiological properties and the principles of information processing in the circuits that they form are totally unknown. This article provides a first such characterization. The activity of Kenyon cells was recorded in vivo from locust brains with intracellular and local field potential electrodes during olfactory processing. Kenyon cells had a high input impedance (approximately 1 G omega at the soma). They produced action potentials upon depolarization, and consistently showed spike adaptation during long depolarizing current pulses. They generally displayed a low resting level of spike activity in the absence of sensory stimulation, despite a large background of spontaneous synaptic activity, and showed no intrinsic bursting behavior. Presentation of an airborne odor, but not air alone, to an antenna evoked spatially coherent field potential oscillations in the ipsilateral mushroom body, with a frequency of approximately 20 Hz. The frequency of these oscillations was independent of the nature of the odorant. Short bouts of oscillations sometimes occurred spontaneously, that is, in the absence of odorant stimulation. Autocorrelograms of the local field potentials in the absence of olfactory stimulation revealed small peaks at +/- 50 msec, suggesting an intrinsic tendency of the mushroom body networks to oscillate at 20 Hz. Such oscillatory behavior could not be seen from local field potential recordings in the antennal lobes, and may thus be generated in the mushroom body, or via feedback interactions with downstream neurons in the protocerebrum. During the odor-induced oscillations, the membrane potential of Kenyon cells oscillated around the resting level, under the influence of excitatory inputs phase- locked to the field activity. Each phasic wave of depolarization in a Kenyon cell could be amplified by intrinsic excitable properties of the dendritic membrane, and sometimes led to one action potential, whose timing was phase-locked to the population oscillations.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Odorant-induced oscillations in the mushroom bodies of the locust

1994

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“…(c) Ants begin the simulation at random positions and with orientations along the trail. Snapshot near the start of a simulation (t = 50) with a = 90°and u a = 1000°s which is an increasing sigmoid function when C is on a log scale (Boeckh et al 1984;Andryazak et al 1990;Masson & Mustaparta 1990). C m a x is the concentration at which the antennal receptors are completely saturated, Proc.…”

Section: (C) Pheromonementioning

confidence: 99%

Self-organized lane formation and optimized traffic flow in army ants

Couzin

Franks²

2003

Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B

341

338

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We show how the movement rules of individual ants on trails can lead to a collective choice of direction and the formation of distinct traffic lanes that minimize congestion. We develop and evaluate the results of a new model with a quantitative study of the behaviour of the army ant Eciton burchelli. Colonies of this species have up to 200 000 foragers and transport more than 3000 prey items per hour over raiding columns that exceed 100 m. It is an ideal species in which to test the predictions of our model because it forms pheromone trails that are densely populated with very swift ants. The model explores the influences of turning rates and local perception on traffic flow. The behaviour of real army ants is such that they occupy the specific region of parameter space in which lanes form and traffic flow is maximized.

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“…Recently, Duchamp-Viret et al (1999) argued that responses of individual ORNs to several different classes of compounds (e.g., turpene, camphor, aromatic, and straight-chained ketones) imply that individual frog and rat ORNs express several ORPs. Nonpheromonal insect ORNs are also known to respond individually to a wide array of structurally different odorants [for reviews Masson and Mustaparta (1990), Smith and Getz (1994), Lemon and Getz (1999)] and it is estimated that the fruit fly genome contains on the order of 100 ORP genes [as reviewed in Mombaerts (1999)]. Malnic et al (1999), however, present empirical evidence that in rats individual ORNs appear to express only one ORP and that it is individual ORPs themselves that are able to bind to an array of structurally diverse odorants.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Receptor Heterogeneity and its Effect on Sensitivity and Coding Range in Olfactory Sensory Neurons

Lánský

Getz

2001

Bulletin of Mathematical Biology

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Signal processing in the olfactory system is initiated by binding of odorant molecules to receptor molecules embedded in the membranes of sensory neurons. Most analyses of odorant-receptor interaction focus on one or more types of odorants binding with one type of receptors. Here, two basic models of this first step are investigated under the assumption that the population of receptors is not homogenous and is characterized by different activation/deactivation rates. Both, discrete and continuous variation of the rates are considered. The steady-state characteristics of the models are derived. In addition, time to crossing a threshold, defined as a response time, is also investigated. The achieved results are compared with those valid for models with the homogenous population of receptors and interpreted in terms of information coding. The obvious implications of the modeling study-that the heterogeneity of receptors enlarges the coding range and increases the sensitivity of the system-are quantified.

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Chemical information processing in the olfactory system of insects.

Cited by 227 publications

References 0 publications

Odorant-induced oscillations in the mushroom bodies of the locust

Odorant-induced oscillations in the mushroom bodies of the locust

Self-organized lane formation and optimized traffic flow in army ants

Receptor Heterogeneity and its Effect on Sensitivity and Coding Range in Olfactory Sensory Neurons

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