Chemical Inductor

Abstract

A multitude of chemical, biological, and material systems present an inductive behavior that is not electromagnetic in origin. Here, it is termed a chemical inductor. We show that the structure of the chemical inductor consists of a twodimensional system that couples a fast conduction mode and a slowing down element. Therefore, it is generally defined in dynamical terms rather than by a specific physicochemical mechanism. The chemical inductor produces many familiar features in electrochemical reactions, including catalytic, electrodeposition, and corrosion reactions in batteries and fuel cells, and in solid-state semiconductor devices such as solar cells, organic light-emitting diodes, and memristors. It generates the widespread phenomenon of negative capacitance, it causes negative spikes in voltage transient measurements, and it creates inverted hysteresis effects in current−voltage curves and cyclic voltammetry. Furthermore, it determines stability, bifurcations, and chaotic properties associated to selfsustained oscillations in biological neurons and electrochemical systems. As these properties emerge in different types of measurement techniques such as impedance spectroscopy and time-transient decays, the chemical inductor becomes a useful framework for the interpretation of the electrical, optoelectronic, and electrochemical responses in a wide variety of systems. In the paper, we describe the general dynamical structure of the chemical inductor and we comment on a broad range of examples from different research areas.

Phase Separating Electrode Materials – Chemical Inductors?

“…These processes explain the occurrence of inductive effect in the low part of spectrum for LFP inside miscibility gap. This observation can also be confirmed by the fact that system of equations 9 and 10 satisfy mathematical condition for chemical inductor postulated in [12] for lithiation levels within the miscibility gap.…”

“…Klotz et al [6] reviewed published experiments that observed inductive effects in low frequency part of EIS spectrum, summarizing two possible explanations that were prior given by [10,11] and proposed a plausible empirical equivalent circuit model. Very recently it was proposed [12] that chemical behaviour can also induce inductive effect if a system couples a fast conduction mode and a slowing down element. Based on this finding, authors of [12] provide a generalised description of a generic system that exhibits chemical capacitance in a low frequency part of spectra.…”

“…Very recently it was proposed [12] that chemical behaviour can also induce inductive effect if a system couples a fast conduction mode and a slowing down element. Based on this finding, authors of [12] provide a generalised description of a generic system that exhibits chemical capacitance in a low frequency part of spectra. They coined the term "chemical inductor" and provided a basic mathematical formulation, requiring interaction of fast and slow phenomena, representing a necessary condition for a system to be a chemical inductor.…”

“…They coined the term "chemical inductor" and provided a basic mathematical formulation, requiring interaction of fast and slow phenomena, representing a necessary condition for a system to be a chemical inductor. Two articles following, by these authors, linked previously measured possible chemical inductive behaviours to the mathematical formulation presented in [12] for halide perovskite memristors [13], FitzHugh-Nagumo neuron, the Koper-Sluyters electrocatalytic system, and potentiostatic oscillations of a semiconductor device [14].…”

“…According to [12] the necessary condition for the system to exhibit chemical induction are two competing processes: fast destabilizing and slow stabilizing process. In the case of phase separation in intercalation electrode, these two processes correspond to fast destabilizing (de)intercalation and slow phase boundary stabilization diffusion process, where phase boundary is established due to uphill diffusion, which is in the present case modelled with the Cahn-Hilliard equation 1.…”