Chemical-induced autoimmune reactions and spanish toxic oil syndrome. Focus on hydantoins and related compounds

Kammüller, Michael; Bloksma, N.; Seinen, Willem

doi:10.3109/15563658809000344

Cited by 23 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Two distinct subsets of autoreactive T-cells, differentiated by their cell receptor gene elements via CDR3 spectratype analysis, have been identified in the lymphocytic infiltrate and are believed to be responsible for the shift in cytokine secretion (Chen et al, 2001). Th2 cells can induce loss of tolerance through chronic lymphocyte stimulation and subsequent production of autoantibodies (Kammuller et al, 1988;Rao and Richardson, 1999). The symptoms of the intermediate and chronic phases of TOS are especially consistent with this paradigm.…”

Section: Immunologic Features Of Tosmentioning

confidence: 70%

“…It is likely that autoimmune diseases are the result of multiple mechanisms working simultaneously (Rao and Richardson, 1999;Anderson and Halfler, 2000). The major risk factors proposed are genetic susceptibility, neuroendocrine influences, and environmental triggers (Kammuller et al, 1988). Two examples of such diseases are autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome (ALPS) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).…”

Section: Immunologic Features Of Tosmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is similar to the demographics of TOS; 60% of TOS cases were women and TOS was most lethal to women under 40 years old (Sanchez-Porro Valades et al, 2003). Vasculitis, a primary finding in TOS, is a hallmark of many autoimmune diseases, and may be initiated when reactive intermediates of xenobiotics chemically modify or damage endothelial cells, ultimately leading to chronic T-cell activation and destruction of endothelium by cellular or humoral effector mechanisms (Kammuller et al, 1988).…”

Section: Immunologic Features Of Tosmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Review Article Toxic Oil Syndrome: Review of Immune Aspects of the Disease

Patterson

Germolec

2005

Journal of Immunotoxicology

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In 1981-1982, individuals in fourteen central and northwest provinces in Spain were affected by an illness that was eventually labeled toxic oil syndrome (TOS) by the World Health Organization. Thousands of individuals were diagnosed with, and 356 people eventually died from, the disease. The disease shares striking similarities with several autoimmune diseases, particularly eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome (EMS) and diffuse fasciitis with eosinophilia (DFE). As with many other autoimmune diseases, women were more severely affected than men and made up a significant portion of TOS-related deaths. While a number of etiologic agents were investigated, disease occurrence was found to be significantly associated with consumption of contaminated rapeseed oil produced by a particular refinery. Two compounds, 1,2-di-oleyl ester (DEPAP) and oleic anilide are considered to be biologically relevant contaminants that may contribute to disease development. Toxic oil syndrome was a three-phase disease with an initial non-necrotizing vasculitis in multiple organs. Suspected immune mechanisms in TOS include activation of T-cells, altered cytokine production, and several studies have associated disease severity with HLA-DR2 and polymorphisms in metabolism and immune response genes. While a number of animal models have been used to investigate the underlying immune mechanisms in TOS, only a few studies in rodents have demonstrated the classical symptoms of TOS. Biotransformation and oxidation of the parent compound(s) to reactive intermediates prior to induction of autoreactive pathways appears to be an important component of the disease process. These reactive intermediates could haptenate self-proteins and activate autoreactive T-cells, disrupt signal transduction, or induce apoptosis and necrosis to release abnormal forms of self-antigens. Although the TOS epidemic was limited to a discrete period of time, the origin of the contamination determined, and the spread of the disease halted by government intervention, the underlying immune mechanisms have yet to be elucidated.

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Section: Immunologic Features Of Tosmentioning

confidence: 70%

Section: Immunologic Features Of Tosmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Immunologic Features Of Tosmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Review Article Toxic Oil Syndrome: Review of Immune Aspects of the Disease

Patterson

Germolec

2005

Journal of Immunotoxicology

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“…Autoimmune diseases are known to be caused by environmental chemicals in some patients (4,5). It is known that pharmaceuticals can cause autoimmune hemolytic anemia (6), druginduced lupus (7), and other autoimmune diseases.…”

Section: Clinical Research Priorities: Vocs In Human Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Approaches for assessing health risks from complex mixtures in indoor air: a panel overview.

Henry

Fishbein

Meggs

et al. 1991

Environ Health Perspect

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Critical to a more definitive human health assessment of the potential health risks from exposure to complex mixtures in indoor air is the need for a more definitive clinical measure and etiology of the health effects of complex mixtures. This panel overview highlights six of the eight presentations of the conference panel discussion and features a number of the major topical areas of indoor air concern. W. G. Meggs assessed clinical research priorities with primary focus on the role of volatile organic chemicals in human health, recognizing the areas where definitive data are lacking. By recognizing many types of chemical sensitivity, it may be possible to design studies that can illuminate the mechanisms by which chemical exposure may cause disease. The critically important topic of multiple chemical sensitivity was discussed by N. A. Ashford, who identified four high risk groups and defined the demographics of these groups. P. A. Schulte addressed the issue of biological markers of susceptibility with specific considerations of both methodological and societal aspects that may be operative in the ability to detect innate or inborne differences between individuals and populations. Three case studies were reviewed. H. Anderson discussed the past and present priorities from a public health perspective, focusing on those issues dealing with exposures to environmental tobacco smoke and formaldehyde off-gassing from materials used in mobile home construction. J. J. Osborne described several case studies involving wood smoke exposure to children, with emphasis on the significantly greater occurrence of chronic respiratory symptoms and acute chest illness for children from homes heated with woodburning stoves.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

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“…On the other hand, in the pathogenesis of the syn drome. undefined immune disfunctions seemed to play a role since high IgE levels were detected in the acute phase [6] and autoantibodies appeared in the chronic period [7,8).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lack of Correlation between in vitro Immunological Alterations and the Development of Scleroderma-Like Skin Lesions in Toxic Oil Syndrome Patients

Gutiérrez¹,

Aparicio²,

Sánchez³

et al. 1991

Dermatology

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We examined whether immunological disturbances could influence the development of scleroderma-like skin lesions in patients affected by the Spanish toxic oil syndrome (TOS). To this end, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were collected from 13 chronic patients and 8 control subjects. All patients had suffered a toxic-induced severe neuromyopathy, and 6, in addition, had developed sclerodermoid skin manifestations. The phenotypic profile and the concentrations of interleukin-2 (IL-2) and of molecules with B cell differentiation factor IgG activity (BCDF-IgG) in supernatants of phytohemagglutinin-stimulated lymphocytes were analyzed both in patients and in normal controls. Molecules with BCDF-lgG activity were found increased in supernatants of mitogen-stimulated lymphocytes from TOS patients. Concentrations of IgG secreted by staphylococcus aureus-SAC-B blasts in the presence of TOS PBMC supernatant was 88 ± 32.62 ng/ml (mean ± 1 SD) versus 53 ± 5.34ng/ml in the presence of control supernatant (p < 0.01). Levels of BCDF-lgG activity in TOS PBMC supernatants positively correlated with IgG serum levels (r = 0.69, p < O.01). The phenotypic profile of lymphocyte populations and the production of IL-2 were not altered in TOS subjects. No statistically significant differences were observed in the lymphocyte distribution nor in the IL-2 and BCDF-lgG production when comparing patients with or without scleroderma-like skin lesions. The results indicate that there was a dysfunction of the immune response in TOS subjects, which, however, was not sufficient for the development of the sclerodermoid lesions.

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Chemical-induced autoimmune reactions and spanish toxic oil syndrome. Focus on hydantoins and related compounds

Cited by 23 publications

References 39 publications

Review Article Toxic Oil Syndrome: Review of Immune Aspects of the Disease

Review Article Toxic Oil Syndrome: Review of Immune Aspects of the Disease

Approaches for assessing health risks from complex mixtures in indoor air: a panel overview.

Lack of Correlation between in vitro Immunological Alterations and the Development of Scleroderma-Like Skin Lesions in Toxic Oil Syndrome Patients

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