Chemical immobilization of chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) using a combination of detomidine and ketamine

Melis, Sanne; Schauvliege, Stijn; Bolhuis, Hester van; Hoyer, Mark; Gasthuys, Frank

doi:10.1111/j.1467-2995.2012.00758.x

Cited by 10 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…In contrast with studies that indicate a reduction in the recovery time and rare undesirable effects with the use of atipamezole, our study shows no difference in recovery times and the presence of muscle incoordination, salivation, and licking reflex . These effects may have been observed due to the reversal of the α 2 ‐adrenergic agonist but not the reversal of ketamine.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

“…10,19,20 In contrast with studies that indicate a reduction in the recovery time and rare undesirable effects with the use of atipamezole, our study shows no difference in recovery times and the presence of muscle incoordination, salivation, and licking reflex. 11,12,17,21 These effects may have been observed due to the reversal of the α 2 -adrenergic agonist but not the reversal of ketamine. Salivation, prolonged unsteadiness, episodes of stumbling, and repeated falling during recovery were observed in rhesus macaques with ketamine alone (10 mg kg −1 ) but not with ketamine/medetomidine…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Early reversal of ketamine/dexmedetomidine chemical immobilization by atipamezole in golden‐headed lion tamarins (Leontopithecus chrysomelas)

Ferraro

Molina

Gris

et al. 2019

J of Medical Primatology

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One of the main advantages α 2 -adrenoreceptor agonists have over other sedatives is reversibility. The primary indication for the use of the antagonist drug atipamezole is the reversal of cardiovascular and sedative effects, which may result in shorter recovery time, feature especially attractive in the immobilization of wildlife species.The combination of dexmedetomidine and ketamine, often used in non-human primates for chemical restraint and anesthesia, seems to provide satisfactory analgesia and muscle relaxation even at low dissociative doses with long duration of action in golden-headed lion tamarins (Leontopithecus chrysomelas). [1][2][3][4] The golden-headed lion tamarin was inadvertently introduced in one of the remaining areas of natural occupation of the golden lion tamarin (Leontopithecus rosalia), an endangered species presenting Abstract Background: A smooth and rapid recovery from anesthesia allowing safe release is desirable, especially for wild species. This study describes the clinical effects of the combination of dexmedetomidine and ketamine and the partial reversal with atipamezole in golden-headed lion tamarins.Methods: Dexmedetomidine 10 μg kg −1 and ketamine 15 mg kg −1 were administered to 45 golden-headed lion tamarins undergoing vasectomy. Following surgery, animals were assigned to three groups: control (SAL; 0.9% NaCl), atipamezole 20 μg kg −1 (ATI20), and atipamezole 40 μg kg −1 (ATI40). Results and Conclusions:All animals presented great scores of sedation and muscle relaxation during the procedure. Recovery in the control group was smooth and uneventful. Salivation, muscle tremors, and head movements were observed in ATI 20 and ATI40. The administration of atipamezole did not change total recovery times (ATI20 69 ± 23 minutes; ATI40 72 ± 45 minutes; SAL 57 ± 23 minutes). K E Y W O R D Sanesthesia, new world primates, primates, recovery, α-2 agonist

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early reversal of ketamine/dexmedetomidine chemical immobilization by atipamezole in golden‐headed lion tamarins (Leontopithecus chrysomelas)

Ferraro

Molina

Gris

et al. 2019

J of Medical Primatology

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“…Darting involves shooting an individual with a projectile loaded with anesthetic. The shots can be painful and frightening, and multiple darts are sometimes required due to the animal’s desperate defensive maneuvers, thereby extending the period of fear further [8, 9]. Anesthetic interventions typically involve the use of ketamine, which can, with chronic use, cause impairment in memory, executive function, and decreased effectiveness in reducing pain and distress from subsequent procedures [10, 11].…”

Section: The Harms and Exploitation Experienced By Chimpanzees In Resmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chimpanzees as vulnerable subjects in research

Johnson

Barnard

2014

Theor Med Bioeth

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Using an approach developed in the context of human bioethics, we argue that chimpanzees in research can be regarded as vulnerable subjects. This vulnerability is primarily due to communication barriers and situational factors—confinement and dependency—that make chimpanzees particularly susceptible to risks of harm and exploitation in experimental settings. In human research, individuals who are deemed vulnerable are accorded special protections. Using conceptual and moral resources developed in the context of research with vulnerable humans, we show how chimpanzees warrant additional safeguards against harm and exploitation paralleling those for human subjects. These safeguards should include empowering third parties to act as surrogate decision makers for chimpanzees, ensuring participant “assent,” and avoiding recruitment of animal subjects based merely on convenience.

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“…In the case of wild animals, such validation must be performed during an anaesthetic procedure to allow both measurements to be acquired at the same time . Anaesthesia reduces internal temperature in non‐human primates; this fact must be considered because researchers have found that correlations between temperatures acquired using various methods can differ depending on whether the evaluated animals were normothermic, hyperthermic or hypothermic …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Subcutaneous thermal sensor microchip validation in vervet monkeys (Chlorocebus pygerythrus) during normothermic and hypothermic situations

Navarro-Serra

Sanz-Cabañes

2019

J of Medical Primatology

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Background: Internal temperature data are essential for clinical evaluation in veterinary medicine. During the last decade, new thermometry devices have been developed. Identification microchips with a temperature sensor offer double utility to clinicians by satisfying animal identification regulations and providing a non-invasive method for temperature measurement. Methods: During this study, 26 healthy vervet monkeys (Chlorocebus pygerythrus)were implanted with a subcutaneous temperature transponding microchip. For each monkey, internal temperature measurements from the microchip and from an anaesthetic monitor (rectal sensor) were recorded every 5 minutes during an anaesthetic procedure. Results: In this study, there were 83 paired samples obtained under normothermic conditions and another 72 paired samples obtained under hypothermic conditions, with interclass correlation coefficients of 0.79 and 0.69, respectively, between the two temperature measurement approaches. Conclusion: Measurements obtained using the examined microchip thermal sensor exhibited good and excellent correlation with rectal temperature measurements under hypothermic and normothermic conditions, respectively. K E Y W O R D S hypothermia, non-human primate, thermometry, transponder, verification

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Chemical immobilization of chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) using a combination of detomidine and ketamine

Cited by 10 publications

References 13 publications

Early reversal of ketamine/dexmedetomidine chemical immobilization by atipamezole in golden‐headed lion tamarins (Leontopithecus chrysomelas)

Early reversal of ketamine/dexmedetomidine chemical immobilization by atipamezole in golden‐headed lion tamarins (Leontopithecus chrysomelas)

Chimpanzees as vulnerable subjects in research

Subcutaneous thermal sensor microchip validation in vervet monkeys (Chlorocebus pygerythrus) during normothermic and hypothermic situations

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