Chemical imaging of biological systems with the scanning electrochemical microscope

Gyurcsányi, Róbert E.; Jágerszki, Gyula; Kiss, Gergely; Tóth, Klára

doi:10.1016/j.bioelechem.2003.12.011

Cited by 63 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 75 publications

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“…Inside the polymer, volumetric generation of the electroactive species due to the enzyme reaction occurs at a rate given by S R , which is generally a function of position due to spatial variation in concentrations of the species which participate in the reaction. At steady state the concentration of the electroactive species is therefore described by the coupled reactiondiffusion equations: (2) and (3) The boundary conditions prescribe the bulk concentration (4) the concentration on the electrode (5) and no flux on the insulating surfaces (6) where denotes a derivative in the direction normal to the surface. Boundary conditions also link the two domains.…”

Section: Principlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For instance, the goal of (electro)chemical imaging with submicron spatial resolution and sub-millisecond temporal resolution has resulted in considerable interest in the use of scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM), in which UMEs are employed to measure local fluxes of molecules and ions [3][4][5][6][7]. In amperometric operation, the UME, a small electrode (diameter 50 nm-25 μm), induces an electrochemical reaction, and the resulting Faradaic current is proportional to the net flux of a redox species to the electrode surface [8,9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Theory of polymer entrapped enzyme ultramicroelectrodes: Fundamentals

Kottke

Kranz

Kwon

et al. 2008

Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry

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We have developed a theoretical description of the amperometric response of ultramicroelectrode (UME) biosensors formed via enzyme entrapment. Our model allows for multiple enzymes and cosubstrates, and results in a closed-form analytical expression for the steady-state current response of the disk ultramicroelectrode. It captures the effects of enzyme-entrapment domain size, species transport properties (which can be different in the polymer and surrounding electrolyte), enzyme kinetics, and axisymmetric diffusion. Assumptions inherent in the derivation are carefully explained, as are the resulting limits on the applicability of the results. The ability to theoretically predict the response of enzyme entrapped UMEs should enable improved design, operation, and data interpretation for this important class of biosensors.

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Section: Principlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Theory of polymer entrapped enzyme ultramicroelectrodes: Fundamentals

Kottke

Kranz

Kwon

et al. 2008

Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The development further intensified when commercial instrumentation became available that can nowadays be obtained from several commercial sources. One authoritative book [40] and several recent reviews [41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50] cover more detailed aspects and are recommended for a broader entry into the area.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of Localized Catalytic and Electrocatalytic Processes and Corrosion Reactions with Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy (SECM)

Pust¹,

Maier²,

Wittstock³

2008

Zeitschrift Für Physikalische Chemie

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Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy (SECM) . Catalytic Electrodes .Electrochemical Energy Conversion . Fuel Cells . Oxygen Reduction Reaction . CorrosionScanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) has developed into a very versatile tool for the investigation of solid-liquid, liquid-liquid and liquid-gas interfaces. The arrangement of an ultramicroelectrode (UME) in close proximity to the interface under study allows the application of a large variety of different experimental schemes. The most important have been named feedback mode, generation-collection mode, redox competition mode and direct mode. Quantitative descriptions are available for the UME signal, depending on different sample properties and experimental variables. Therefore, SECM has been established as an indispensible tool in many areas of fundamental electrochemical research. Currently, it also spreads as an important new method to solve more applied problems, in which inhomogeneous current distributions are typically observed on different length scales. Prominent examples include devices for electrochemical energy conversion such as fuel cells and batteries as well as localized corrosion phenomena. However, the direct local investigation of such systems is often impossible. Instead, suitable reaction schemes, sample environments, model samples and even new operation modes have to be introduced in order to obtain results that are relevant to the practical application. This review outlines and compares the theoretical basis of the different SECM working modes and reviews the application in the area of electrochemical energy conversion and localized

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“…Since the first SECM experiments by Engstrom et al [46] and Bard et al [6] in 1986, the number of groups using this technique has increased steadily. Several comprehensive reviews [44,[47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58], books [45,59], and book chapters [60][61][62][63][64][65][66][67] are available about this technique; the reader is referred to these for detailed information about instrumental set-up, concept, measurement modes, and data interpretation. Besides approaches combining SECM with other scanning probe techniques, for example EC-STM [68][69][70][71] and AFM [72][73][74][75][76][77], the work of Schuhmann et al [78,79] popularized the use of a shear-force-based distance-control mechanism in the SECM community.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multidimensional electrochemical imaging in materials science

2007

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In the past 20 years the characterization of electroactive surfaces and electrode reactions by scanning probe techniques has advanced significantly, benefiting from instrumental and methodological developments in the field. Electrochemical and electrical analysis instruments are attractive tools for identifying regions of different electrochemical properties and chemical reactivity and contribute to the advancement of molecular electronics. Besides their function as a surface analytical device, they have proved to be unique tools for local synthesis of polymers, metal depots, clusters, etc. This review will focus primarily on progress made by use of scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM), conductive AFM (C-AFM), electrochemical scanning tunneling microscopy (EC-STM), and surface potential measurements, for example Kelvin probe force microscopy (KFM), for multidimensional imaging of potential-dependent processes on metals and electrified surfaces modified with polymers and self assembled monolayers.

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Chemical imaging of biological systems with the scanning electrochemical microscope

Cited by 63 publications

References 75 publications

Theory of polymer entrapped enzyme ultramicroelectrodes: Fundamentals

Theory of polymer entrapped enzyme ultramicroelectrodes: Fundamentals

Investigation of Localized Catalytic and Electrocatalytic Processes and Corrosion Reactions with Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy (SECM)

Multidimensional electrochemical imaging in materials science

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