Chemical hazards in smoked meat and fish

Afé, Ogouyôm Herbert Iko; Kpoclou, Yénoukounmè Euloge; Douny, Caroline; Anihouvi, Victor Bienvenu; Igout, Ahmed; Mahillon, Jacques; Hounhouigan, Djidjoho Joseph; Scippo, Marie-Louise

doi:10.1002/fsn3.2633

Cited by 20 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 123 publications

(208 reference statements)

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“…The highest to lowest level of Cd in the smoked samples can be presented as sea bass > horse mackerel > Atlantic bonito > bluefin tuna > rainbow trout. The Cd level variation depending on species was also reported by Iko Afé et al [ 14 ] who concluded that the Cd level in fish species differed from 0.002 to 19.5 mg/kg. The Cr levels in both raw and smoked fish were found above the acceptable limits by the EU commission and Turkish Food Codex.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 69%

“…Heavy metals are another significant risk for smoked fish, and are considered a food security concern. Especially, lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg), and arsenic (As) show toxic effects, even at low concentrations [ 14 ]. The potential risks of PAHs and heavy metals are relatively higher in fish than in other food items due to these pollutants already being present in the water bodies where the fish live, and they can be bioaccumulated in the fish [ 15 , 16 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Investigations of the Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon and Elemental Profile of Smoked Fish

Tümerkan

2022

Molecules

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Fish are vulnerable to environmental pollutants such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and heavy metals. As one of the most commonly applied processing methods, the smoking of different species has been applied globally. Hence, this study aims to investigate the smoking process on the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and elemental accumulation of the five different species (rainbow trout, Atlantic bonito, horse mackerel, sea bass, and Atlantic bluefin tuna) which are commonly processed and traded in the smoked fish industry. The processing yield, water holding capacity, and pH were also investigated. The results revealed that the proximal differences among fish species influence the water holding capacity, processing yield, and pH which are very important for process sustainability and the quality of the end product. The main finding was the proximal composition impact on the accumulation of both PAHs and heavy metals at different levels. While all of the tested samples were below the maximum permissible limit, some of the heavy metals, especially toxic elements, were found above the acceptable limit. Horse mackerel is determined to be the species most vulnerable to PAHs and heavy metal accumulation.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 69%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigations of the Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon and Elemental Profile of Smoked Fish

Tümerkan

2022

Molecules

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“…For instance, N-nitrosodimethylamine appears to be a hazardous carcinogenic compound that establishes during the curing process [ 56 ]. Comparable to the salt-curing process, PPA treatments increase the concentration of nitrous compounds and therefore also increase the tendency to build nitrosamine-contaminated foods [ 57 ]. Adversely, through a PPA process, nitrite concentration is also increased.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial Control of Raw and Cold-Smoked Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) through a Microwave Plasma Treatment

Weihe

Wagner²,

Schnabel³

et al. 2022

Foods

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The control of the pathogenic load on foodstuffs is a key element in food safety. Particularly, seafood such as cold-smoked salmon is threatened by pathogens such as Salmonella sp. or Listeria monocytogenes. Despite strict existing hygiene procedures, the production industry constantly demands novel, reliable methods for microbial decontamination. Against that background, a microwave plasma-based decontamination technique via plasma-processed air (PPA) is presented. Thereby, the samples undergo two treatment steps, a pre-treatment step where PPA is produced when compressed air flows over a plasma torch, and a post-treatment step where the PPA acts on the samples. This publication embraces experiments that compare the total viable count (tvc) of bacteria found on PPA-treated raw (rs) and cold-smoked salmon (css) samples and their references. The tvc over the storage time is evaluated using a logistic growth model that reveals a PPA sensitivity for raw salmon (rs). A shelf-life prolongation of two days is determined. When cold-smoked salmon (css) is PPA-treated, the treatment reveals no further impact. When PPA-treated raw salmon (rs) is compared with PPA-untreated cold-smoked salmon (css), the PPA treatment appears as reliable as the cold-smoking process and retards the growth of cultivable bacteria in the same manner. The experiments are flanked by quality measurements such as color and texture measurements before and after the PPA treatment. Salmon samples, which undergo an overtreatment, solely show light changes such as a whitish surface flocculation. A relatively mild treatment as applied in the storage experiments has no further detected impact on the fish matrix.

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“…Consequently, it prevents the activation of intracellular kinase in HER2 and enables the cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitor to be redirected from p27 to CDK2, allowing the HER2 overexpressing cells to stop proliferation. 9,23 In preclinical experiments, trastuzumab enhances antibody-dependent cell toxicity, and trastuzumab-bound HER2 receptors mobilize cytotoxic T cells to destroy the cell. 14,23 The ToGA study ( and advanced GC or GEJC.…”

Section: Targeted Therapymentioning

confidence: 99%

Current State of Targeted Therapy and Immunotherapy in Advanced Gastric and Gastro-oesophageal Cancers

Alqahtani¹,

Yin²,

Marshall³

et al. 2022

Oncology &Amp; Haematology

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Gastro-oesophageal cancer (GEC) is one of the world's deadliest forms of cancer. The conventional multi-modality approach to oesophageal cancer includes surgical resection, radiation and chemotherapy. However, due to the often-advanced nature of GEC on diagnosis, the limited efficacy of conventional therapies and the severe side effects of conventional treatments, the reported results are underwhelming. In the pursuit of better systemic therapies, targeted agents have played a vital role in GEC management. Said therapies essentially inhibit pathways such as the human epidermal growth factor receptor-2, vascular endothelial growth factor, epidermal growth factor receptor and programmed death receptor 1/programmed death-ligand 1 (i.e. immunotherapies). This review outlines a clinical summary of the most recent breakthroughs in targeted therapy for GEC and their associated clinical data, including efficacy and safety profiles.

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Chemical hazards in smoked meat and fish

Abstract: Fish and meat preservation is a big challenge in different regions of the world. Among fish preservation methods, smoking is the mostly used method (

Cited by 20 publications

References 123 publications

Investigations of the Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon and Elemental Profile of Smoked Fish

Investigations of the Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon and Elemental Profile of Smoked Fish

Microbial Control of Raw and Cold-Smoked Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) through a Microwave Plasma Treatment

Current State of Targeted Therapy and Immunotherapy in Advanced Gastric and Gastro-oesophageal Cancers

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