Chemical hazard in glacial melt? The glacial system as a secondary source of POPs (in the Northern Hemisphere). A systematic review

Pawlak, Filip; Kozioł, Krystyna; Polkowska, Żaneta

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145244

Cited by 33 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 160 publications

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“…Persistent organic pollutants have been detected in humans globally [21][22][23][24] and in their food [25], in aquatic biota even at the remotest places such as polar regions, high-mountain lakes, offshore waters and deep ocean trenches [26,27] and in terrestrial food webs [28]. At the same time, there is evidence that climate change may remobilize legacy pollution in sediments [29] and glaciers [30] that has been thought to be permanently removed from the biosphere [31]. However, also less persistent chemicals of emerging concern (CECs), including pharmaceuticals and modern pesticides, occur ubiquitously in the global environment because of their widespread and continued use by societies all over the world [32][33][34][35].…”

Section: Foster Global Knowledge On Exposure and Impactsmentioning

confidence: 99%

One planet: one health. A call to support the initiative on a global science–policy body on chemicals and waste

et al. 2022

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The chemical pollution crisis severely threatens human and environmental health globally. To tackle this challenge the establishment of an overarching international science–policy body has recently been suggested. We strongly support this initiative based on the awareness that humanity has already likely left the safe operating space within planetary boundaries for novel entities including chemical pollution. Immediate action is essential and needs to be informed by sound scientific knowledge and data compiled and critically evaluated by an overarching science–policy interface body. Major challenges for such a body are (i) to foster global knowledge production on exposure, impacts and governance going beyond data-rich regions (e.g., Europe and North America), (ii) to cover the entirety of hazardous chemicals, mixtures and wastes, (iii) to follow a one-health perspective considering the risks posed by chemicals and waste on ecosystem and human health, and (iv) to strive for solution-oriented assessments based on systems thinking. Based on multiple evidence on urgent action on a global scale, we call scientists and practitioners to mobilize their scientific networks and to intensify science–policy interaction with national governments to support the negotiations on the establishment of an intergovernmental body based on scientific knowledge explaining the anticipated benefit for human and environmental health.

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Section: Foster Global Knowledge On Exposure and Impactsmentioning

confidence: 99%

One planet: one health. A call to support the initiative on a global science–policy body on chemicals and waste

et al. 2022

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“…The absence of endosulfan sulfate in atmospheric aerosol was associated with the recent arrival of relatively fresh discharges because it is the main degradation product of α-and β-endosulfan; however, a low biodegradation of these isomers by the environmental conditions found in lakes could indicate older releases and re-emissions (Pawlak et al 2021). Nevertheless, the lack of endosulfan sulfate might also be explained by vapour pressure because it has lower values (∼4-fold) than α-and β-isomers; thus, due to altitudinal transport they presented higher incidences in the atmosphere of the lakes.…”

Section: Performance Of Analytical Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls in high mountain lakes, Mexico

García-Solorio

Muro

Rosa

et al. 2022

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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Pollution levels of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were investigated in the El Sol and the La Luna alpine lakes. The lakes are located in central Mexico, in the crater of the Nevado de Toluca volcano. The El Sol and the La Luna lakes are extremely relevant in Mexico and in the world because they are recognized as pristine regions and environmental reservoirs.Samples of atmospheric aerosol, sediment, plankton, and Tubifex tubifex were collected at three different sample locations for three years (2017, 2018, and 2019) at three different times of year, meaning that the weather conditions at the time of sampling were different. Pollutants were analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry with negative chemical ionisation (GC-MS/NCI).Endosulfan was the most frequent and abundant pollutant, showing the highest peaks of all. Atmospheric aerosol revealed Σ 2 = 45 pg/m 3 , including α and β, while sediment lakes displayed α, β and endosulfan sulphate as Σ 3 = 1963 pg/g, whereas plankton and Tubifex tubifex showed Σ 2 = 576 pg/g and 540 pg/g for α and β respectively. Results of endosulfan ratios (α/β) and (α-β/endosulfan sulphate) suggest that both fresh and old discharges continue to arrive at the lakes This study shows for the rst time the pollution levels of OCP and PCB in high mountain lakes in Mexico. These results that must be considered by policy makers to mitigate their use in the various productive activities of the region.

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“…Therefore, we intend to determine here how much of this uncertainty is easily explained by the heterogeneity of snow as a sampled medium, instead of the model efficiency issues, and therefore determine the limitations in such comparisons as a ground‐truthing process. Another example of interest in the spatial variability of the concentrations of organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) connects to the possibility of their emission to the environment from secondary sources (e.g., the melting glaciers or the seawater uncovered by the melting sea ice), which may be induced from spatial concentration patterns (Ma et al., 2016; Pawlak et al., 2021; Pouch et al., 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Local variability in snow concentrations of chlorinated persistent organic pollutants as a source of large uncertainty in interpreting spatial patterns at all scales

et al. 2022

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Single point sampling, a widespread practice in snow studies in remote areas, due to logistical constraints, can present an unquantified error to the final study results. The low concentrations of studied chemicals, such as chlorinated persistent organic pollutants, contribute to the uncertainty. We conducted a field experiment in the Arctic to estimate the error stemming from differences in the composition of snow at short distances (1-3 m), including 13 single organochlorine pesticides and 6 polychlorinated biphenyls, thus providing the most detailed published dataset on the subject. We contrasted this variability with the uncertainty at larger spatial scales, both within one valley (regional scale, this study) and as described in the worldwide literature.The range of values for the coefficient of variation for local samples was 20-58% for single organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and 33-54% for polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and for regional samples it was 21-69% for OCPs and 65-93% for PCBs. We suggest that, to observe the actual changes in the concentration of selected compounds in snow, they should vary at the level of 40-60%, depending on the compound in question. The uncertainty margin remains much smaller than the current discrepancy between observation data and atmospheric deposition models considering snow, deeming field data on snow concentrations a useful ground-truthing dataset. However, field observations on spatial differences at all scales need to be interpreted with caution, and the dataset provided here on the local sampling uncertainty helps define the margins of such interpretations.

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Chemical hazard in glacial melt? The glacial system as a secondary source of POPs (in the Northern Hemisphere). A systematic review

Cited by 33 publications

References 160 publications

One planet: one health. A call to support the initiative on a global science–policy body on chemicals and waste

One planet: one health. A call to support the initiative on a global science–policy body on chemicals and waste

Organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls in high mountain lakes, Mexico

Local variability in snow concentrations of chlorinated persistent organic pollutants as a source of large uncertainty in interpreting spatial patterns at all scales

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