Chemical freeze-out in Hawking-Unruh radiation and quark-hadron transition

Tawfik, A.; Yassin, Hayam; Elyazeed, Eman R. Abo

doi:10.1103/physrevd.92.085002

Cited by 13 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Furthermore, we have calculated the freezeout temperatures in dependence on different strange-quark contents from the HRG model at µ = 0 and confronted these with the results obtained from charged black-hole [14], Fig. 5.…”

Section: A Quark Mass and Radiation Temperaturementioning

confidence: 96%

“…There have been various works assuming correspondence between the black-hole radiation and the hadronization process in high-energy collisions [6][7][8][9][10][11][12]14]. The mass of black hole is assumed to be related to the Unruh temperature (Rindler horizon) [13].…”

Section: The Theoretical Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Schwarzschild radius R S = 2GM can be reached/obtained, when the electric charge Q is assumed becoming vanishing. At finite electric charge, the temperature of Hawking-Unruh radiation reads [14] T…”

Section: The Theoretical Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Details about the extension to finite baryon chemical potential can be taken from Ref. [14]. The quantities M, Q, and µ are conjectured to be related to each others [4,24].…”

Section: The Theoretical Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Strangeness production in high-energy collisions and Hawking–Unruh radiation

Tawfik

Yassin

Elyazeed

2017

Int. J. Mod. Phys. E

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The assumption that the production of quark-antiquark pairs and their sequential string-breaking taking place through the event horizon of the color confinement determines freezeout temperature and gives a plausible interpretation of the thermal pattern of pp and AA collisions. When relating the black-hole electric charges to the baryon-chemical potentials it was found that the phenomenologicallydeduced parameters from various particle ratios in the statistical thermal models agree well with the ones determined from the thermal radiation from charged black-hole. Accordingly, the resulting freezeout conditions, such as s/T 3 = 7 and < E > / < N >= 1 GeV, are confirmed at finite chemical potentials, as well. Furthermore, the problematic of strangeness production in elementary collisions can be interpreted by thermal particle production from the Hawking-Unruh radiation. Consequently, the freezeout temperature depends on the quark masses. This leads to a deviation from full equilibrium and thus a suppression of the strangeness production in the elementary collisions. But in nucleus-nucleus collisions, an average temperature should be introduced in order to dilute the quark masses. This nearly removes the strangeness suppression. An extension to finite chemical potentials is introduced. The particle ratios of kaon-to-pion, phi-to-kaon and antilambda-to-pion are determined from Hawking-Unruh radiation and compared with the thermal calculations and the measurements in different experiments. We conclude that these particle ratios can be reproduced, at least qualitatively, as Hawking-Unruh radiation at finite chemical potential. With increasing energy, both K+/pi+ and phi/K-keep their maximum values at low SPS energies. But the further energy decrease rapidly reduces both ratios. For Lambda/pi-, there is an increase with increasing collision energy, i.e. no saturation is to be observed.

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Section: A Quark Mass and Radiation Temperaturementioning

confidence: 96%

Section: The Theoretical Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Theoretical Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Details about the extension to finite baryon chemical potential can be taken from Ref. [14]. The quantities M, Q, and µ are conjectured to be related to each others [4,24].…”

Section: The Theoretical Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Strangeness production in high-energy collisions and Hawking–Unruh radiation

Tawfik

Yassin

Elyazeed

2017

Int. J. Mod. Phys. E

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“…The conjectured equivalence between gravitational confinement and color confinement maps the electric potential and the gravitational constants to the baryochemical potential µ and the string tension σ. It takes the form [41,72] {Φ, G} → µ, 1 2σ (12) and the freeze-out parameters T f and µ B (that we will simply call T and µ) can be calculated from (10). Using this equivalence and introducing a new constantμ function of the string tension, eq.…”

Section: A Charged Black Holementioning

confidence: 99%

Unruh thermal hadronization and the cosmological constant

2018

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We use black holes with a negative cosmological constant to investigate aspects of the freeze-out temperature for hadron production in high energy heavy-ion collisions. The two black hole solutions present in the anti-de Sitter geometry have different mass and are compared to the data showing that the small black hole solution is in good agreement. This is a new feature in the literature since the small black hole in general relativity has different thermodynamic behavior from that of the large black hole solution. We find that the inclusion of the cosmological constant (which can be interpreted as the plasma pressure) leads to a lowering of the temperature of the freeze-out curve as a function of the baryochemical potential, improving the description previously suggested by Castorina, Kharzeev, and Satz. PACS numbers:

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Chemical freezeout parameters within generic nonextensive statistics

2018

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The particle production in relativistic heavy-ion collisions seems to be created in a dynamically disordered system which can be best described by an extended exponential entropy. In distinguishing between the applicability of this and Boltzmann-Gibbs (BG) in generating various particle-ratios, generic (non)extensive statistics (GNS) is introduced to the hadron resonance gas model. Accordingly, the degree of (non)extensivity is determined by the possible modifications in the phase space. Both BG extensivity and Tsallis nonextensivity are included as very special cases defined by specific values of the equivalence classes (c, d). We found that the particle ratios at energies ranging between 3.8 and 2760 GeV are best reproduced by nonextensive statistics, where c and d range between ∼ 0.9 and ∼ 1. The present work aims at illustrating that the proposed approach is well capable to manifest the statistical nature of the system on interest. We don't aim at highlighting deeper physical insights. In other words, while the resulting nonextensivity is neither BG nor Tsallis, the freezeout parameters are found very compatible with BG and accordingly with the well-known freezeout phase-diagram, which is in an excellent agreement with recent lattice calculations. We conclude that the particle production is nonextensive but should not necessarily be accompanied by a radical change in the intensive or extensive thermodynamic quantities, such as internal energy and temperature. Only, the two critical exponents defining the equivalence classes (c, d) are the physical parameters characterizing the (non)extensivity.1 particle productions, even at the kinetic freezeout [9,10,11,12,13]. The long-range fluctuations, the correlations, and the interactions besides the possible modifications in the phase space of the particle production are not properly incorporated through Tsallis algebra. In long-range interactions, both thermodynamic and long-time limits do not commute. Therefore, generic nonextensive statistics (GNS) was introduced in Ref. [9,10,11], in which the phase space becomes responsible in determining the degree of (non)extensivity. It was shown that the lattice thermodynamics is well reproduced when the proposed GNS become characterized by extensive critical exponents (1, 1), while the heavy-ion particle ratios are only reproduced when the proposed GNS become nonextensive critical exponents, e.g. neither 0 nor 1. The latter differs from Tsallis [9,10,11]. Nonextensive statistics becomes the relevant approach for nonequilibrium stationary states. While zeroth law of thermodynamics in equilibrium introduces "the temperature", a so-called "physical temperature" was proposed when utilizing Tsallis-algebra, see for instance [14,15,16,17]. It was concluded that if the inverse Lagrange multiplier associated with constrained internal energy is regarded as "the temperature", both Tsallis and Clausius entropies become identical. This temperature is believed to differ from the "physical" one. Based on this assumption, the "physical te...

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Chemical freeze-out in Hawking-Unruh radiation and quark-hadron transition

Cited by 13 publications

References 47 publications

Strangeness production in high-energy collisions and Hawking–Unruh radiation

Strangeness production in high-energy collisions and Hawking–Unruh radiation

Unruh thermal hadronization and the cosmological constant

Chemical freezeout parameters within generic nonextensive statistics

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