Chemical Forms of Metal Enrichment in Recent Sediments

Förstner, Ulrich

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-68344-2_20

Cited by 12 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 22 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Although sediment metal correlations might indicate the processes and mechanisms influencing the metal associations and behaviour, exact bonding and retention mechanisms might be explained by information on the geochemical phases that were not investigated. The importance of the various geochemical substrates as metal scavengers (Fe and Mn hydrous oxides, organic matter, clay minerals) depends on the sediment type, source and its chemical characteristics (Forstner 1982; Horowitz & Elrick 1987).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variations in trace elements in bottom sediments of major rivers in Lake Victoria's basin, Kenya

Mwamburi

2003

Lakes & Reservoirs

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

River sediments collected between March 1994 and January 1995 were analysed for iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn), lead (Pb), copper (Cu), chromium (Cr), aluminium (Al) and cadmium (Cd) in the less than 63 μm grain‐size fraction. The river sediments were characterized by a sandy texture, with a relatively low organic matter (as percentage loss on ignition), ranging 3.5–9.6%. The metal mean range values in μg/g dry weight for the river sediments were: Mn (836–2.10 × 104), Fe (1.09 × 104–9.22 × 104), Al (2.86 × 103–7.77 × 103), Zn (34–130), Cu (11–78), Cr (not detected ND–125); Pb (ND–100) and Cd (ND). Temporal variations were significant for Zn, Cr and Pb. There were no significant longitudinal differences in all the elements in rivers Nyando, Nzoia, Yala and Sondu‐Miriu, apart from sediment Fe contents. Relatively high sediment Fe, Mn, Zn, Cr and Al were observed in river Kasat. River Kasat was considered polluted with respect to Mn, Zn and Cr, which were comparatively higher than unpolluted sediments and geochemical background values. This supports similar results on surface water trace element levels. Most of the rivers drain an area of relatively similar lithological characteristics. Therefore, apart from the direct waste input into Kasat river from municipal and industrial sources, lack of specific point sources indicate lithological metal origins with localized variations. A final comparative evaluation of the river sediments’ trace metal pollution was made from the study results. The data is vital for pollution management of the lake as information about metal loadings into the lake ecosystem is lacking.

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variations in trace elements in bottom sediments of major rivers in Lake Victoria's basin, Kenya

Mwamburi

2003

Lakes & Reservoirs

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…These results are based on a hierarchical ranking of correlation coefficients between the geochemical substrates and various trace elements. This listing is obviously different from the one provided by Forstner (1982a). The differences are due to a combination of factors including the source of the sediments (Forstner's data come from marine material while Horowitz and Elrick's data come from freshwater material) and the procedures used to define the various geochemical substrates (partitioning methods employed different operational definitions, see Section 2.3.4.2).…”

Section: Cation Exchange Capacitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The most common materials meeting these criteria are hydrous manganese oxides, and hydrous iron oxides, organic matter, and clay minerals (Table 2.3.2-1). Forstner (1982a) has listed these various geochemical substrates in descending order according to their capacity to collect and concentrate trace elements (Table 2.3.2-1). These results are based upon sequential extraction studies (see Section 2.3.4.2).…”

Section: Cation Exchange Capacitymentioning

confidence: 99%

A primer on sediment-trace element chemistry

Horowitz¹

1991

Open-File Report

505

471

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Preface iii Glossary vi Introduction 1 1.0 Importance of sediments to aquatic trace element chemistry 1.1 Monitoring studies 2 1.2 Suspended versus bed sediments-utility for various types of studies 1.3 Partitioning of trace elements between dissolved and solid phases 4 1.4 Fluvial transport of trace elements by suspended sediments 1.5 Comparison of trace element concentrations in suspended and bottom sediments versus dissolved levels 8 1.6 Effect of suspended sediment concentration on fluvial transport of trace elements 1.7 Historical trace element levels 2.0 Physical and chemical factors affecting sediment-trace element chemistry 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Physical factors 2.2.1 Grain-size ranges and the effect of grain size 2.2.2 Chemical analysis of various grain sizes in bottom sediments 18 2.2.3 Chemical analysis of various grain sizes in suspended sediments 18 2.2.4 Effect of grain size on trace element concentrations in samples collected from the same and different basins 2.2.5 Comparison of samples having similar bulk chemistries but differing grain-size distributions 2.2.6 Effect of grain size on sediment-associated chemical transport at differing discharge rates 2.2.7 Measuring grain-size distributions 2.2.7.1 Differences in grain size distributions induced by using different techniques 2.2.7.2 Differences in grain size distributions induced by sample pretreatment 28 2.2.8 Effect of sediment surface area 2.2.9 Importance of surface area to sediment-trace element concentrations 2.2.10 Measuring surface area 2.3 Chemical factors 2.3.1 Cation exchange capacity 38 2.3.2 Composition significant sedimentary trace element collectors 2.3.2.1 Iron and manganese oxides 2.3.2.2 Organic matter 2.3.2.3 Clay minerals 2.3.3 Introduction to and utility of chemical partitioning 48 2.3.4 Chemical partitioning methods 2.3.4.1 Chemical partitioning-instrumental methods 2.3.4.2 Chemical partitioning ~ partial extraction methods 2.3.4.2.1 Chemical partitioning of suspended sediments by partial extraction 2.3.4.2.2 Chemical partitioning of bottom sediments by partial extraction 58 IV 2.3.4.3 Chemical partitioning by density gradient and mineralogy 60 2.3.4.4 Chemical partitioning using statistical manipulation of data 2.3.4.5 Chemical partitioning using mathematical modelling 2.4 The interrelation and relative importance of selected physical and chemical factors affecting sediment-trace element chemistry 2.4.1 Relative importance of physical and chemical factors to sediment-trace element chemistry 2.4.1.1 The interrelation of grain size and surface area to each other and to sediment-trace element chemistry 2.4.1.2 The interrelation of grain size and geochemical substrate to each other and to sediment-trace element chemistry 2.4.1.3 The interrelation of surface area and geochemical substrate to each other and to sediment-trace element chemistry 2.4.2 The interrelation of grain size, surface area, and geochemical substrate to each other 2.4.3 Predicting sediment-trace element concentrations using physical and chemical factors 3.0 Se...

show abstract

“…The studies that have been conducted to determine heavy metals in different particle size fractions mainly focus on urban or roadside soil, road/urban dust and sediment (Sutherland 2003;Ljung et al 2006;Ajmone-Marsan et al 2008;Acosta et al 2009;Vlasov et al 2015;Khademi et al 2019;Zhang et al 2019), while very little data are available on the distribution of heavy metals in various particle size fractions from agricultural (Qian et al 1996;Gong et al 2014 The majority of the studies have shown that fine soil particles tend to concentrate and retain higher amounts of metals and have a stronger ability to carry potentially hazardous substances due to their high specific area, more organic matter and Fe/Mn/Al oxides content (Förstner 1982;Hardy and Cornu 2006;Gong et al 2014;Liu et al 2018). In coarser particle size fractions, with a lower sorption capacity, the concentrations of metals fully depend on the mineralogical composition, in particular the proportion of heavy minerals and neoformations (Protasova 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Particle size partitioning of metals in humus horizons of two small erosional landforms in the middle Protva basin – a comparative study

Samonova

Aseyeva

2020

GES

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Partitioning of metals in soil particles of various size classes has been receiving greater significance due to the necessity to predict the behaviour and pathways of the potentially toxic elements in the environment. In this study the analysis of metals’ distribution in various particle size fractions was performed to characterize and compare geochemical features of the topsoil horizons of two small erosional landforms located in uncontaminated area of the central part of European Russia (the Middle Protva basin, mixed forest zone). The landforms represent two typical lithological types of gullies in the study area. Soil samples were fractionated and the concentrations of Fe, Mn, Ti, Zr, Ni, Co, Cr, Zn, Cu, Pb were determined in five particle size fractions: 1–0.25, 0.25-0.05, 0.05−0.01, 0.01–0.001 and <0.001 mm. The metals’ concentrations and their distribution in various particle sizes were found to be related to gully litho-type. The contribution of the clay to the total amount of metals was the greatest for Mn, Zn, Ni and Co in both systems. The highest mass loading for Ti, Zr and Cr came from the coarse silt, while for Cu and Pb it was made by different particle size fractions: the medium and fine silt or the coarse silt. The highest contribution of Fe also came from different fractions, either from the coarse sand or the clay depending on the system.

show abstract

Chemical Forms of Metal Enrichment in Recent Sediments

Cited by 12 publications

References 22 publications

Variations in trace elements in bottom sediments of major rivers in Lake Victoria's basin, Kenya

Variations in trace elements in bottom sediments of major rivers in Lake Victoria's basin, Kenya

A primer on sediment-trace element chemistry

Particle size partitioning of metals in humus horizons of two small erosional landforms in the middle Protva basin – a comparative study

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About