This study is performed to characterize moderate or intense low-oxygen dilution (MILD)
combustion (MC) versus conventional combustion (CC) of a premixed CH4/air jet
flame in a hot coflow under identical inlet and ambient conditions. The present CC and
MC correspond to the cases using a bluff-body (BB) and a no bluff-body (NBB),
respectively. It is demonstrated that the NBB combustion develops by entraining ambient
hot low-oxygen gas so as to dilute the reactant mixture and simultaneously heat up
beyond the minimum autoignition temperature (Tai), leading
to the MC. By contrast, in the BB case, the conventional flame is established and
stabilized by a steady heat source of the recirculation zone (RZ) behind the BB with
highly intense mixing and rapid ignition. A large reaction zone with uniform temperature
distribution (i.e., low temperature rise) is found in the MC mode, while the CC has a
much smaller size of the intense reaction zone with the concentrated high temperature
and species distributions. Significantly, it has been first revealed that, in the BB
case, there is a secondary combustion in the MC mode formed far downstream from the BB
flame under the environmental condition of a high-temperature hot coflow.