Chemical Fixation of Carbon Dioxide by NaI/PPh₃/PhOH

Abstract

In the presence of catalytic amounts of sodium iodide, triphenylphosphine, and phenol, carbon dioxide can efficiently react with epoxides to give the corresponding five-membered cyclic carbonates in high yields. The mechanism of this reaction was disclosed by (31)P NMR spectroscopic data and deuterium labeling experiments.

Synthesis of Propylene Carbonate from Carbon Dioxide and Propylene Oxide Using Zn-Mg-Al Composite Oxide as High-efficiency Catalyst

“…The effects of synthetic conditions of Zn-Mg-Al-O (including Zn/Mg molar ratio, HT temperature and pH value) on the specific surface areas are also depicted in Table 1. With increase of Zn/Mg ratio from 3.0 to 4.0, the specific surface area of Zn-Mg-Al-O increases (Table 1, entries 1, 6, 7) but further rise of Zn/Mg ratio from 4.0 to 5.0 results in a decline of specific surface area (Table 1, entries 8,9). In other words, the specific surface area of Zn-Mg-Al-O is the highest at a Zn/Mg molar ratio of 4.0.…”

“…In the past decades, numerous catalysts have been studied for the cycloaddition reaction , e.g., metallic complexes [4][5][6][7], phosphines [8,9], organic bases [10][11][12], ionic liquids [13][14][15][16], metal oxides [17][18][19], modified molecular sieves [20][21][22][23][24] and smectite [25], and supported catalysts [26][27][28][29][30], etc. However, most of the high-efficiency ones are homogeneous catalysts, and the disadvantages are the high cost for catalysts fabrication (e.g., metallic complexes) and product separation.…”

Effect of chain length on catalytic activity in quaternary ammonium halides catalyzed cycloaddition of CO2 to propylene Oxide

“…C 6 H 13 Bu 3 NBr was still one of the highest catalytic activity materials, and the yield of PC was up to 77.9%. The recognized mechanism for the reaction is that the halide anion opened the ring of the epoxide by means of a nucleophilic attack, which led to an oxy anion species affording the corresponding cyclic carbonate after the reaction with CO 2 [9]. Thus the concentration of "free" anions may determine the activity of catalyst.…”

Catalytic Processes for Chemical Conversion of Carbon Dioxide into Cyclic Carbonates and Polycarbonates

“…Shi and co-workers [61] described a method for chemical fixation of CO 2 by NaI /PPh 3 /PhOH. In the presence of catalytic amounts of sodium iodide, triphenylphosphine, and phenol, CO 2 could efficiently react with epoxides to give the corresponding five-membered cyclic carbonates in high yields.…”