Chemical evolution of interstellar dust, comets and the origins of life

Jm, Greenberg; Zhao, N. S.; Hage, J. I.

doi:10.1051/anphys:01989001402010300

Cited by 8 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 69 publications

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“…91 The authors of ref 91 inter-preted this phenomenon as the thermal explosion that occurred due to the appearance of internal thermoelastic tensions in the cooled system and corresponding decrease of activation energy of the investigated reaction. Soon afterward, another group 92 studied the same reaction in a glasslike system activated by 60 Co γ-radiation. The rates of cooling and defreezing of the MCH-Cl 2 system between 4.2 K and 77 K were varied, and it was claimed that the initiation of the chain reaction of chlorination is caused by the formation of cracks in monolithic samples at the fast change of their temperature (see Figure 6).…”

Section: Mechanochemical Explosions and Autowave Propagation Of Chemi...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Nontraditional Pathways of Extraterrestrial Formation of Prebiotic Matter

Goldanskii

1997

J. Phys. Chem. A

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Mechanisms of solid-phase reactions were investigated experimentally and theoretically during recent decades that can have direct connections to the formation of organic substances in space and their delivery to Earth and to the problems of prebiotic evolution. Among such mechanisms are molecular tunneling (hypothesis of the cold prehistory of life), polycondensation of solid monomers by shock waves (problem of the delivery of organic substances to Earth by meteorites), thermal and thermal-wave explosions and oscillations of temperature and radical concentrations in small cold particles under radiation exposure, and mechanochemical explosions and autowave propagation of chemical reactions due to the positive feedback between the fragile destruction of solids and reactions at freshly formed surfaces.

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Section: Mechanochemical Explosions and Autowave Propagation Of Chemi...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Nontraditional Pathways of Extraterrestrial Formation of Prebiotic Matter

Goldanskii

1997

J. Phys. Chem. A

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Psychological Assessment in Geriatric Settings

Edelstein

Martin

Koven

2003

Handbook of Psychology

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This chapter addresses the clinical assessment of older adults. The principal goal of this chapter is to acquaint the reader with assessment issues that are relatively unique to older adults, with particular attention to factors that could influence the process or outcome of clinical assessment. We begin with the discussions of two intra and interpersonal variables, bias in the form of ageism and cultural competence. Ignorance of the importance and influence of these variables can lead to the corruption, contamination, and invalidation of the entire assessment enterprise. We then consider biological and medical issues that are more common among older adults that can play a significant role in the interplay between biological and environmental factors. Next, we shift to two conceptual issues, beginning with the assessment paradigms within which the clinician performs the assessment. We then address diagnostic issues and question the prudence of utilizing traditional diagnostic taxonomies with older adults. The complexities of carrying out clinical assessments are then addressed through discussions of multiple method and multidimensional assessment. We follow this with a discussion of psychometric considerations for developing or selecting assessment instruments suitable for older adults. The chapter is closed with a brief discussion of future directions in the assessment of older adults.

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