Chemical evaluation of chars produced by thermochemical conversion (gasification, pyrolysis and hydrothermal carbonization) of agro-industrial biomass on a commercial scale

Wiedner, Katja; Rumpel, Cornélia; Steiner, Christoph; Pozzi, Alessandro; Maas, Robert; Glaser, Bruno

doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2013.08.026

Cited by 206 publications

(118 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…In contrast to HHV, H/C and O/C decreased as residence time increased. After HTC treatment, the H/C and O/C ratios were between 1.17 to 1.64 and 0.45 to 0.65 at 200 °C and 240 °C, respectively; this result is in accordance with a previous report (Wiedner et al 2013). The high O/C ratio (0.4 to 0.6) may also indicate the presence of hydroxyl, carboxyl, and carbonyl groups (Wiedner et al 2013).…”

Section: Chemical and Energetic Characteristicssupporting

confidence: 89%

“…However, effective treatment and conversion of biomass into energy requires additional research. To date, varieties of techniques have been applied in biomass treatment and conversion, such as combustion, pyrolysis, gasification (Yang et al 2006;Wiedner et al 2013;Chen et al 2014). However, a complicated high temperature process for biofuels and bioproducts will undesirably be accompanied by a high cost.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hydrochar has been regarded potentially useful as a soil additive, for carbon sequestration, adsorbents, container nurseries, and even for fuels. (Steinbeiss et al 2009;Roman et al 2012;Wiedner et al 2013). In recent years, considerable HTC research has been conducted on methods for obtaining hydrochar.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chemical, Energetic, and Structural Characteristics of Hydrothermal Carbonization Solid Products for Lawn Grass

Guo¹,

Dong²,

Liu³

et al. 2015

BioResources

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Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) of lawn grass was carried out at 200 °C and 240 °C for 30 to 180 min. The chemical, energetic, and structural characteristics of HTC solid residues were investigated. Results from HTC experiments indicate that solid mass yield of all solid residues was 31 to 50%. The hydrogen/carbon (H/C) and oxygen/carbon (O/C) atomic ratios of all solid residues were 1.17 to 1.64 and 0.45 to 0.65, respectively. The higher heating value (HHV) increased up to 20.54 MJ/kg with increasing HTC residence time at 240 °C for 180 min. Both XRD patterns and FTIR spectra show that differences occur with samples treated as compared to the raw material. Solid hydrochar exhibited higher ordered structure characteristics and was mainly derived from amorphous components degradation when the residence time was increased from 30 to 180 min at 200 °C, while hydrochar formed from cellulose components degradation with increased residence time at 240 °C. According to the results studied, it was found that prolonged residence time was favorable to the formation of hydrochar from lawn grass.

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Section: Chemical and Energetic Characteristicssupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chemical, Energetic, and Structural Characteristics of Hydrothermal Carbonization Solid Products for Lawn Grass

Guo¹,

Dong²,

Liu³

et al. 2015

BioResources

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“…Additionally, Jain et al [71] reported that alkaline biochars incorporated into sulfur containing mine waste were effective at neutralizing acidic compounds. Biochars with greater ash contents, such as those produced at high temperatures [72], in the presence of oxygen [73], or from feedstocks with high conversion efficiency, such as from manure, will tend to have higher pH values [25]. This can have important consequences for acidic mine land reclamation, since alkaline biochars may be an effective substitute for lime.…”

Section: Mine-impacted Spoils and Biocharmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soil Health, Crop Productivity, Microbial Transport, and Mine Spoil Response to Biochars

et al. 2016

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Biochars vary widely in pH, surface area, nutrient concentration, porosity, and metal binding capacity due to the assortment of feedstock materials and thermal conversion conditions under which it is formed. The wide variety of chemical and physical characteristics have resulted in biochar being used as an amendment to rebuild soil health, improve crop yields, increase soil water storage, and restore soils/spoils impacted by mining. Meta-analysis of the biochar literature has shown mixed results when using biochar as a soil amendment to improve crop productivity. For example, in one meta-analysis, biochar increased crop yield by approximately 10 %, while in another, approximately 50 % of the studies reported minimal to no crop yield increases. In spite of the mixed crop yield reports, biochars have properties that can improve soil health characteristics, by increasing carbon (C) sequestration and nutrient and water retention. Biochars also have the ability to bind enteric microbes and enhance metal binding in soils impacted by mining. In this review, we present examples of both effective and ineffective uses of biochar to improve soil health for agricultural functions and reclamation of degraded mine spoils. Biochars are expensive to manufacture and cannot be purged from soil after application, so for efficient use, they should be targeted for specific uses in agricultural and environmental sectors. Thus, we introduce the designer biochar concept as an alternate paradigm stating that biochars should be designed with properties that are tailored to specific soil deficiencies or problems. We then demonstrate how careful selection of biochars can increase their effectiveness as a soil amendment.

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“…5c) of TOC formation indicates that as the temperature increased, TOC conversion increased as well due to the fact that protonation of b(1-4) Glycosidic bonds resulted in the formation of decomposition products. However, increase in reaction time had diverse effect on TOC conversion that could be attributed to the formation of char and gas products at longer reaction times during decomposition of cellulose in hot compressed water conditions (Wiedner et al 2013). Application of current to the reaction medium dramatically increased the TOC conversion (Fig.…”

Section: Analyses Of Variance (Anova)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel hybrid process for the conversion of microcrystalline cellulose to value-added chemicals: part 1: process optimization

Akın

Yuksel

2016

Cellulose

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In this paper, a novel hybrid process for the treatment of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) under hot-compressed water was investigated by applying constant direct current on the reaction medium. Constant current range from 1A to 2A was applied through a cylindrical anode made of titanium to the reactor wall. Reactions were conducted using a specially designed batch reactor (450 mL) made of SUS 316 stainless steel for 30-120 min of reaction time at temperature range of 170-230°C. As a proton donor H 2 SO 4 was used at concentrations of 1-50 mM. Main hydrolysis products of MCC degradation in HCW were detected as glucose, fructose, levulinic acid, 5-HMF, and furfural. For the quantification of these products, High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and Gas Chromatography with Mass Spectroscopy (GC-MS) were used. A fractional factorial design with 2-level of four factors; reaction time, temperature, H 2 SO 4 concentration and applied current with 3 center points were built and responses were statistically analyzed. Response surface methodology was used for process optimization and it was found that introduction of 1A current at 200°C to the reaction medium increased Total Organic Carbon (TOC) and cellulose conversions to 62 and 81 %, respectively. Moreover, application of current diminished the necessary reaction temperature and time to obtain high TOC and cellulose conversion values and hence decreased the energy required for cellulose hydrolysis to value added chemicals. Applied current had diverse effect on levulinic acid concentration (29.9 %) in the liquid product (230°C, 120 min., 2 A, 50 mM H 2 SO 4 ).

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Chemical evaluation of chars produced by thermochemical conversion (gasification, pyrolysis and hydrothermal carbonization) of agro-industrial biomass on a commercial scale

Cited by 206 publications

References 26 publications

Chemical, Energetic, and Structural Characteristics of Hydrothermal Carbonization Solid Products for Lawn Grass

Chemical, Energetic, and Structural Characteristics of Hydrothermal Carbonization Solid Products for Lawn Grass

Soil Health, Crop Productivity, Microbial Transport, and Mine Spoil Response to Biochars

Novel hybrid process for the conversion of microcrystalline cellulose to value-added chemicals: part 1: process optimization

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