Chemical Ecology of Endophytic Fungi: Origins of Secondary Metabolites

Kusari, Souvik; Hertweck, Christian; Spiteller, Michael

doi:10.1016/j.chembiol.2012.06.004

Cited by 588 publications

(420 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…The associated fungi belong to very diverse polyphyletic group of microorganisms; they can thrive asymptomatically within plant tissues, aboveground as well as belowground, including those of stems, leaves and/or roots [26,38]. Their biological diversity coupled with their capability to biosynthesize bioactive secondary metabolites has provided the impetus for a number of investigations on endophytic fungi.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of the Antifungal Activity of Non-pathogenic Potatoassociated Fungi toward Fusarium Species Causing Tuber Dry Rot Disease

Mejdoub-Trabelsi¹,

Abdallah²

2016

J Plant Pathol Microbiol

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of the Antifungal Activity of Non-pathogenic Potatoassociated Fungi toward Fusarium Species Causing Tuber Dry Rot Disease

Mejdoub-Trabelsi¹,

Abdallah²

2016

J Plant Pathol Microbiol

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“…However, the production of CPT was witnessed to be reduced sharply on repeat subculturing under axenic monoculture conditions, which is one of the key challenges that needs to be addressed in order to establish, restore, and sustain the in vitro biosynthetic potential of CPT-producing endophytes (Kusari et al 2012). Herein, we report the isolation and identification of endophytic fungi from C. acuminata.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Camptothecin-producing endophytic fungus Trichoderma atroviride LY357: isolation, identification, and fermentation conditions optimization for camptothecin production

Xiang

Xing

Chen

et al. 2013

Appl Microbiol Biotechnol

142

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Camptothecin (CPT), the third largest anticancer drug, is produced mainly by Camptotheca acuminata and Nothapodytes foetida. CPT itself is the starting material for clinical CPT-type drugs, but the plant-derived CPT cannot support the heavy demand from the global market. Research efforts have been made to identify novel sources for CPT. In this study, three CPT-producing endophytic fungi, Aspergillus sp. LY341, Aspergillus sp. LY355, and Trichoderma atroviride LY357, were isolated and identified from C. acuminata. Most CPT produced by these fungi was found in the fermentation broth, and their corresponding CPT yields were 7. 93, 42.92, and 197.82 μg l −1 , respectively. The CPT-producing capability of LY341 and LY355 was completely lost after repeat subculturing. A substantial decrease of CPT production was also observed in the second generation of LY357. However, a stable and sustainable production of CPT was found from the second generation through the eighth generation of LY357. The fermentation medium, time, pH, temperature, and agitation rate were optimized for CPT production. Methyl jasmonate and XAD16 were proven to be an optimum elicitor and adsorbent resin, respectively, in view of that CPT yield was increased 3.4-and 11-fold through their use. A 50-to 75-fold increase of CPT yield was obtained when the optimized fermentation conditions, elicitor, and adsorbent resin were combined and applied to the culture of the seventh and eighth generations of LY357, and the highest CPT yield was 142.15 μg l −1 . The CPTproducing T. atroviride LY357 paves a potential to uncover the mysteries of CPT biosynthesis.

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“…Chemical defences are not only common, but they are also highly diverse, varying between taxa, species and even individuals within populations (Jones et al 1986). There are many different ways in which chemicals can be acquired for defence, including different forms of biosynthesis, dietary sequestration and symbiont exploitation (Bowers 1990(Bowers , 1992bWaterfield et al 2009;Kusari et al 2012;Moore et al 2014). There are also many methods of deployment, including stings, secretions and toxicity (Whitman et al 1990;Eisner et al 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parameterising a public good: how experiments on predation can be used to predict cheat frequencies

2016

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Chemical defence is superficially easy to understand as a means for individuals to protect themselves from enemies. The evolution of chemical defence is however potentially complex because such defences may cause the generation of a public good, protecting members of the population as a whole as well as individuals that deploy toxins defensively. If a public good of protection exists, it may be exploited and degraded by ''cheats'' that do not invest in defence. This can in turn lead to complex frequency (and density) dependent effects in toxin evolution. To investigate this we used ecologically relevant predators (Great tits, Parus major) and examined how individual and public benefits vary depending on the frequency of non-defended ''cheating'' prey and their spatial distribution. We found that the public benefit, of reduced attack probability, increased with increasing frequency of defended individuals. In contrast the individual benefit of chemical defence, measured as increased chance of rejection during an attack before injury, did not vary with the frequency of defended forms. Hence the selective dynamics of these two levels of benefits responded differently to the frequency of defended forms. Surprisingly, given the strong associations of chemical defences and grouping in animals, large aggregations did not help individuals in the group regardless of their defence status. The explanation for the result, may be that in our experiment birds did not have information about other potential aggregations (i.e. set up was sequential) and thus their giving up density was lower compared to the situations where set ups were simultaneous. We use behavioural data of our predators to construct a simple model of toxin evolution which can make quantitative predictions about the frequencies to which defence cheats evolve. We use this model to discuss how toxin evolution can be investigated in the wild and in laboratory settings.

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Chemical Ecology of Endophytic Fungi: Origins of Secondary Metabolites

Cited by 588 publications

References 69 publications

Assessment of the Antifungal Activity of Non-pathogenic Potatoassociated Fungi toward Fusarium Species Causing Tuber Dry Rot Disease

Assessment of the Antifungal Activity of Non-pathogenic Potatoassociated Fungi toward Fusarium Species Causing Tuber Dry Rot Disease

Camptothecin-producing endophytic fungus Trichoderma atroviride LY357: isolation, identification, and fermentation conditions optimization for camptothecin production

Parameterising a public good: how experiments on predation can be used to predict cheat frequencies

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