Chemical, Dust, Biological, and Electromagnetic Radiation Hazards

Koradecka, Danuta; Pośniak, Małgorzata; Jankowska, E.; Skowroń, Jolanta; Karpowicz, Jolanta

doi:10.1002/0470048204.ch35

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…Exposure assessment of IF EMF requires the use of almost all EMF exposure estimators: SAR, induced currents, in situ electric field, electric field strength (E), magnetic field strength (H), magnetic flux density (B), contact and induced currents flowing through the limbs (I) [25]. The technical and interpretation problems identified for EMF of this frequency also exist in lower and higher frequency ranges; they are discussed in detail in other sections of this paper.…”

Section: If Fieldsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exposure of Workers to Electromagnetic Fields. A Review of Open Questions on Exposure Assessment Techniques

Mild

Alanko

Decat

et al. 2009

International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics

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Section: If Fieldsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exposure of Workers to Electromagnetic Fields. A Review of Open Questions on Exposure Assessment Techniques

Mild

Alanko

Decat

et al. 2009

International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics

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“…Assessment of occupational risk is indispensible in preventing its negative effects on employees' life and health [1] 1 . There are three groups of factors in the working environment that have a detrimental effect to human's body: dangerous, harmful and annoying ones [2,3,4,5,6,7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comparative Study of Objective and Subjective Assessment of Occupational Risk

Koradecka

Pośniak

Widerszal‐Bazyl

et al. 2010

International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics

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Measurement of dangerous, harmful and annoying factors in the working environment are used to assess occupational risk. Surveys on workers' subjective perception of risk are used, too. This study aimed to compare subjective assessment of work-related factors with their objective measurements and a national database on occupational risk. Spearman's correlation analysis, stepwise regression analysis and structural modelling were used to determine the relationship between subjective and objective risk assessment and to acquire knowledge about the role of psychosocial job characteristics as predictors of subjective assessment. Subjective assessment of hazards was related not only to their objective measurements but also to psychosocial job characteristics, workers' individual characteristics and work load. Even though subjective and objective assessments of hazard are strongly related, they are distinct phenomena. Hence, risk assessment should be carried out with both objective and subjective methods.

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“…Electromagnetic fields (EMFs) over a wide range of frequencies – from static magnetic fields (e.g., near Magnetic Resonance Imaging devices) through low frequency (LF) and intermediate frequency (IF) fields (e.g., near welding or electrosurgery devices) to radiofrequency (RF) fields (e.g., near plastic sealers) – form one of the environmental factors of the workplace. [ 1 , 2 ] EMF exposure causes direct and indirect exposure effects because of physical interaction between EMF and the worker's body and other exposed objects. This interaction involves various frequency-dependent mechanisms and requires different approaches in their evaluation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The direct effects of exposure to LF and IF fields include an electric field and an electric current induced inside the human body, and a thermal effect resulting from EMF energy absorption in the body is dominant in RF fields. [ 2–4 ] The effects of high-level exposure to EMF are well investigated and known as ‘the established exposure effects’. [ 5–8 ] The physical estimators of established exposure effects, such as the induced electric field ( E in ) or specific energy absorption rate ( SAR ) 1 , can only be evaluated in the virtual human body models by numerical simulations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Difficulties in applying numerical simulations to an evaluation of occupational hazards caused by electromagnetic fields

Zradziński

2015

International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics

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Due to the various physical mechanisms of interaction between a worker's body and the electromagnetic field at various frequencies, the principles of numerical simulations have been discussed for three areas of worker exposure: to low frequency magnetic field, to low and intermediate frequency electric field and to radiofrequency electromagnetic field. This paper presents the identified difficulties in applying numerical simulations to evaluate physical estimators of direct and indirect effects of exposure to electromagnetic fields at various frequencies. Exposure of workers operating a plastic sealer have been taken as an example scenario of electromagnetic field exposure at the workplace for discussion of those difficulties in applying numerical simulations. The following difficulties in reliable numerical simulations of workers’ exposure to the electromagnetic field have been considered: workers’ body models (posture, dimensions, shape and grounding conditions), working environment models (objects most influencing electromagnetic field distribution) and an analysis of parameters for which exposure limitations are specified in international guidelines and standards.

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Chemical, Dust, Biological, and Electromagnetic Radiation Hazards

Cited by 4 publications

References 0 publications

Exposure of Workers to Electromagnetic Fields. A Review of Open Questions on Exposure Assessment Techniques

Exposure of Workers to Electromagnetic Fields. A Review of Open Questions on Exposure Assessment Techniques

A Comparative Study of Objective and Subjective Assessment of Occupational Risk

Difficulties in applying numerical simulations to an evaluation of occupational hazards caused by electromagnetic fields

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